महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-85, verse-22

द्रोणेन निहतास्तत्र क्षत्रिया बहवो रणे ।
विवेष्टन्तः स्म दृश्यन्ते व्याधिक्लिष्टा नरा इव ॥२२॥

22. droṇena nihatāstatra kṣatriyā bahavo raṇe ,
viveṣṭantaḥ sma dṛśyante vyādhikliṣṭā narā iva.

22. droṇena nihitāḥ tatra kṣatriyāḥ bahavaḥ raṇe
vīveṣṭantaḥ sma dṛśyante vyādhikliṣṭāḥ narāḥ iva

22. tatra raṇe droṇena nihitāḥ bahavaḥ kṣatriyāḥ
vyādhikliṣṭāḥ narāḥ iva vīveṣṭantaḥ sma dṛśyante

22. There, many Kshatriyas, slain by Drona in battle, were seen writhing, like people afflicted by disease.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

• निहिताः (nihitāḥ) - slain (by Drona) (slain; killed; laid down)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there; in that place)

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriya warriors (Kshatriyas; members of the warrior class)

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (many; numerous)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle; in conflict)

• वीवेष्टन्तः (vīveṣṭantaḥ) - writhing (in pain) (writhing; struggling; squirming)

• स्म (sma) - (indicates past tense with 'dṛśyante') (particle indicating past tense; indeed)

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they were seen (with 'sma') (they are seen; they appear)

• व्याधिक्लिष्टाः (vyādhikliṣṭāḥ) - afflicted by disease (afflicted by disease; suffering from illness)

• नराः (narāḥ) - people (men; people)

• इव (iva) - like (like; as; as if)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणेन (droṇena) - by Drona

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (proper name)

निहिताः (nihitāḥ) - slain (by Drona) (slain; killed; laid down)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nihita

nihita - placed; laid down; killed; slain; deposited

Past Passive Participle

'ni' (down, in) + 'han' (to strike, kill) -> 'nighna' (root 'han' changes to 'gha') + 'kta'. In this context, from 'han' meaning 'killed'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used substantively as 'killed ones'.

तत्र (tatra) - there (on the battlefield) (there; in that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative of the pronominal stem 'tad'.

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kshatriya warriors (Kshatriyas; members of the warrior class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - Kshatriya; member of the warrior class; noble; royal

From 'kṣatra' (rule, power).

Note: Subject of 'dṛśyante'.

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many (many; numerous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much; many; numerous; abundant

Note: Nominative plural, agreeing with 'kṣatriyāḥ'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle; in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle; fight; war; conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)

वीवेष्टन्तः (vīveṣṭantaḥ) - writhing (in pain) (writhing; struggling; squirming)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vīveṣṭat

vīveṣṭat - writhing; struggling; turning about

Present Active Participle (Intensive/Frequentative)

Intensive form of 'veṣṭ' (to roll, turn) + 'śatṛ' (present participle suffix).

Root: veṣṭ (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the slain Kshatriyas.

स्म (sma) - (indicates past tense with 'dṛśyante') (particle indicating past tense; indeed)

(indeclinable)

Adds a past tense meaning to a present tense verb.

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they were seen (with 'sma') (they are seen; they appear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (rendered as past due to 'sma') (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive

Passive stem 'dṛśya' + 3rd person plural, present tense, Ātmanepada.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

व्याधिक्लिष्टाः (vyādhikliṣṭāḥ) - afflicted by disease (afflicted by disease; suffering from illness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyādhikliṣṭa

vyādhikliṣṭa - afflicted by disease; suffering from illness

Tatpurusha compound: 'vyādhi' (disease) + 'kliṣṭa' (afflicted, ppp of 'kliś').

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vyādhi+kliṣṭa)

• vyādhi – disease; sickness; ailment
  noun (masculine)
  'vi' (apart) + 'ā' (towards) + 'dhā' (to place).
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kliṣṭa – afflicted; pained; distressed; suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kliś' (to suffer, to pain).
  Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Part of the simile.

नराः (narāḥ) - people (men; people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man; person; human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like (like; as; as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

Note: Connects the simile.