महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-85, verse-13

तदेतत्समतिक्रान्तं पूर्वमेव विशां पते ।
तस्मान्मे शृणु तत्त्वेन यथा युद्धमवर्तत ॥१३॥

13. tadetatsamatikrāntaṁ pūrvameva viśāṁ pate ,
tasmānme śṛṇu tattvena yathā yuddhamavartata.

13. tat etat samatikrāntam pūrvam eva viśām pate
tasmāt me śṛṇu tattvena yathā yuddham avartata

13. viśām pate,
tat etat pūrvam eva samatikrāntam.
tasmāt,
me tattvena yathā yuddham avartata śṛṇu

13. O lord of the people, all this has already transpired. Therefore, listen from me, in truth, how the war (yuddha) unfolded.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - this (referring to previous events) (that, it)

• एतत् (etat) - this (referring to previous events) (this, it)

• समतिक्रान्तम् (samatikrāntam) - transpired (passed, gone by, transpired, overcome)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - already, beforehand (before, formerly, previously)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• मे (me) - from me (to me, from me, my (dative/genitive singular))

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear (imperative)

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in truth, truly (in truth, in reality, truly, essentially)

• यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - war (yuddha) (battle, fight, war)

• अवर्तत (avartata) - it unfolded, it transpired (it proceeded, it happened, it turned out)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - this (referring to previous events) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of the clause.

एतत् (etat) - this (referring to previous events) (this, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Emphasizes 'tat'.

समतिक्रान्तम् (samatikrāntam) - transpired (passed, gone by, transpired, overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samatikrānta

samatikrānta - passed away, gone by, transpired, overcome

Past Passive Participle

Root kram (to step) with prefixes sam-ati- and kta (pp. suffix)

Prefixes: sam+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - already, beforehand (before, formerly, previously)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, clan, community

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Part of vocative compound 'viśām pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Addresses Dhritarashtra.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of ablative singular.

मे (me) - from me (to me, from me, my (dative/genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Acts as the source of information for 'śṛṇu'.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative, second person singular

Root: śru (class 5)

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - in truth, truly (in truth, in reality, truly, essentially)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

Note: Functions adverbially.

यथा (yathā) - how (how, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - war (yuddha) (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Root yudh (to fight) + kta (pp. suffix)

Root: yudh (class 4)

अवर्तत (avartata) - it unfolded, it transpired (it proceeded, it happened, it turned out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect, third person singular

Imperfect (laṅ) form of root vṛt (to be, exist, proceed)

Root: vṛt (class 1)