महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-85, verse-19

त्रिधाभूतैरवध्यन्त पाण्डवैः कौरवा युधि ।
तथैव कौरवे राजन्नवध्यन्त परे रणे ॥१९॥

19. tridhābhūtairavadhyanta pāṇḍavaiḥ kauravā yudhi ,
tathaiva kaurave rājannavadhyanta pare raṇe.

19. tridhābhūtaiḥ avadhyanta pāṇḍavaiḥ kauravāḥ yudhi
tathā eva kaurave rājan avadhyanta pare raṇe

19. rājan yudhi tridhābhūtaiḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ kauravāḥ
avadhyanta tathā eva raṇe kaurave pare avadhyanta

19. The Kauravas were slain in battle by the Pandavas, who had become formidable (tridhābhūta). Similarly, O King, the enemies were slain in battle within the Kaurava ranks.

Words meanings summery:

• त्रिधाभूतैः (tridhābhūtaiḥ) - by the Pandavas who had become formidable (by those who have become threefold; by those who have become formidable)

• अवध्यन्त (avadhyanta) - were slain (they were killed; they were slain)

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pandavas

• कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas (the Kauravas; descendants of Kuru)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle; in war)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus; so; in that manner)

• एव (eva) - similarly (in combination with 'tathā') (indeed; only; just; even)

• कौरवे (kaurave) - in the Kaurava ranks/side (in the Kaurava; among the Kauravas)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhritarashtra) (O King)

• अवध्यन्त (avadhyanta) - were slain (they were killed; they were slain)

• परे (pare) - the enemies (of the Kauravas) (others; enemies; opponents)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle; in conflict)

Words meanings and morphology

त्रिधाभूतैः (tridhābhūtaiḥ) - by the Pandavas who had become formidable (by those who have become threefold; by those who have become formidable)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tridhābhūta

tridhābhūta - having become threefold; having become greatly powerful; having become formidable

Past Passive Participle

From 'tridhā' (in three ways) + 'bhūta' (become, PPP of 'bhū'). Signifies 'having become in three ways' or 'having become manifold/powerful'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tridhā+bhūta)

• tridhā – in three ways; threefold
  indeclinable
  Suffix -dhā indicating 'in N ways'.
• bhūta – become; been; being; an entity; a creature; a past event
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be, to become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'pāṇḍavaiḥ'.

अवध्यन्त (avadhyanta) - were slain (they were killed; they were slain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of vadha

Imperfect Passive

Root 'han' (to strike, kill), passive voice, 3rd person plural, imperfect tense. 'vadhya' (passive stem of 'han') + 'anta'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used twice in the verse.

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pandavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu; a Pandava

From Pandu (father of the five Pandava brothers)

Note: Agent of killing in the first clause.

कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas (the Kauravas; descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru; a Kaurava

From Kuru (ancestor of both Pandavas and Kauravas, but specifically used for Duryodhana's side)

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'avadhyanta'.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle (in battle; in war)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle; fight; war

Root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus; so; in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - similarly (in combination with 'tathā') (indeed; only; just; even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms 'tathaiva' in sandhi.

कौरवे (kaurave) - in the Kaurava ranks/side (in the Kaurava; among the Kauravas)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru; a Kaurava; relating to the Kauravas

Note: Indicates location or context.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Dhritarashtra) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king; ruler; sovereign

Vocative singular of 'rājan'.

Root: rāj

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

अवध्यन्त (avadhyanta) - were slain (they were killed; they were slain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of vadha

Imperfect Passive

Root 'han' (to strike, kill), passive voice, 3rd person plural, imperfect tense. 'vadhya' (passive stem of 'han') + 'anta'.

Root: han (class 2)

परे (pare) - the enemies (of the Kauravas) (others; enemies; opponents)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of para

para - other; different; supreme; ultimate; enemy

Note: Subject of the passive verb 'avadhyanta'.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle; in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle; fight; war; conflict

Root: raṇ (class 1)