महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-17, verse-22

शल्यो भूरिश्रवाश्चैव विकर्णश्च महारथः ।
एते सप्त महेष्वासा द्रोणपुत्रपुरोगमाः ।
स्यन्दनैर्वरवर्णाभैर्भीष्मस्यासन्पुरःसराः ॥२२॥

22. śalyo bhūriśravāścaiva vikarṇaśca mahārathaḥ ,
ete sapta maheṣvāsā droṇaputrapurogamāḥ ,
syandanairvaravarṇābhairbhīṣmasyāsanpuraḥsarāḥ.

22. śalyaḥ bhūriśravāḥ ca eva vikarṇaḥ
ca mahārathaḥ ete sapta maheṣvāsāḥ
droṇaputrapurogamāḥ syandanaiḥ
varavarṇābhāiḥ bhīṣmasya āsan puraḥsarāḥ

22. śalyaḥ,
bhūriśravāḥ ca eva vikarṇaḥ ca (yaḥ) mahārathaḥ - ete droṇaputrapurogamāḥ sapta maheṣvāsāḥ varavarṇābhāiḥ syandanaiḥ bhīṣmasya puraḥsarāḥ āsan.

22. Shalya, Bhurishravas, and Vikarna, a great chariot-warrior—these seven great archers, with Drona's son (Ashwatthama) as their leader, were the vanguard of Bhishma, moving in their splendidly adorned chariots.

Words meanings summery:

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - King Shalya (Shalya (proper name))

• भूरिश्रवाः (bhūriśravāḥ) - Prince Bhurishravas (Bhurishravas (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - also (only, just, indeed, certainly, also)

• विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - Prince Vikarna (Vikarna (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great chariot-warrior (great chariot-warrior, one who can fight a thousand warriors)

• एते (ete) - these (seven archers) (these)

• सप्त (sapta) - seven

• महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers (great archers, those with great bows)

• द्रोणपुत्रपुरोगमाः (droṇaputrapurogamāḥ) - led by Drona's son (Ashwatthama) (having Drona's son as leader)

• स्यन्दनैः (syandanaiḥ) - with their chariots (by chariots)

• वरवर्णाभाइः (varavarṇābhāiḥ) - by their splendidly adorned (chariots) (by those of excellent color/appearance, splendid, beautiful)

• भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

• आसन् (āsan) - they were (the vanguard) (they were, they existed)

• पुरःसराः (puraḥsarāḥ) - the vanguard (going in front, leaders, vanguard)

Words meanings and morphology

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - King Shalya (Shalya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - name of a king (of Madra); dart, spear.

भूरिश्रवाः (bhūriśravāḥ) - Prince Bhurishravas (Bhurishravas (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūriśravas

bhūriśravas - name of a warrior; having much fame/wealth.

s-stem noun.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - also (only, just, indeed, certainly, also)

(indeclinable)

Particle of emphasis or inclusion.

विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - Prince Vikarna (Vikarna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikarṇa

vikarṇa - Name of a Kaurava prince; having ears without points, having large ears.

Compound 'vi' (various, without) + 'karṇa' (ear).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (vi+karṇa)

• vi – apart, asunder, away
  indeclinable
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - a great chariot-warrior (great chariot-warrior, one who can fight a thousand warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot-warrior, one who fights alone against a host of chariots

Compound.

Compound type : Tatpurusha (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rādh (class 5)

Note: Predicative adjective for Vikarna.

एते (ete) - these (seven archers) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the collective group.

सप्त (sapta) - seven

(numeral)

महेष्वासाः (maheṣvāsāḥ) - great archers (great archers, those with great bows)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, having a great bow

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (mahā+iṣu+āsa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• āsa – bow, thrower
  noun (masculine)

द्रोणपुत्रपुरोगमाः (droṇaputrapurogamāḥ) - led by Drona's son (Ashwatthama) (having Drona's son as leader)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of droṇaputrapurogama

droṇaputrapurogama - having Drona's son at the front, led by Drona's son

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (droṇaputra+puras+gama)

• droṇaputra – son of Drona (Ashwatthama)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Tatpurusha compound
• puras – in front, before
  indeclinable
• gama – going, moving, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

स्यन्दनैः (syandanaiḥ) - with their chariots (by chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of syandana

syandana - chariot, flowing, moving

From root 'syand' (to flow, move).

Root: syand (class 1)

वरवर्णाभाइः (varavarṇābhāiḥ) - by their splendidly adorned (chariots) (by those of excellent color/appearance, splendid, beautiful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of varavarṇābha

varavarṇābha - of beautiful color, splendid, excellent in appearance

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (vara+varṇa+ābhā)

• vara – excellent, best, noble
  adjective
• varṇa – color, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• ābhā – lustre, splendor, resemblance
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhā (class 2)

भीष्मस्य (bhīṣmasya) - of Bhishma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name, son of Shantanu); terrible, formidable.

Root: bhīṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates possession or relation.

आसन् (āsan) - they were (the vanguard) (they were, they existed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect (laṅ) tense.

Augment 'a' + root 'as' + ending 'an'.

Root: as (class 2)

पुरःसराः (puraḥsarāḥ) - the vanguard (going in front, leaders, vanguard)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puraḥsara

puraḥsara - going before, preceding, leader, vanguard

Compound 'puras' (before, in front) + 'sara' (going).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (puras+sara)

• puras – in front, before
  indeclinable
• sara – going, moving, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'sṛ' (to go, move)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)