महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-17, verse-18

तालेन महता भीष्मः पञ्चतारेण केतुना ।
विमलादित्यसंकाशस्तस्थौ कुरुचमूपतिः ॥१८॥

18. tālena mahatā bhīṣmaḥ pañcatāreṇa ketunā ,
vimalādityasaṁkāśastasthau kurucamūpatiḥ.

18. tālena mahatā bhīṣmaḥ pañcatāreṇa ketunā
vimalādityasaṃkāśaḥ tasthau kurucamūpatiḥ

18. kurucamūpatiḥ bhīṣmaḥ mahatā tālena
pañcatāreṇa ketunā vimalādityasaṃkāśaḥ tasthau

18. Bhishma, the commander of the Kuru army, stood shining like the spotless sun, distinguished by his great palm tree banner (ketu) marked with five stars.

Words meanings summery:

• तालेन (tālena) - with a palm tree (emblem)

• महता (mahatā) - with a great, large

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• पञ्चतारेण (pañcatāreṇa) - with five stars

• केतुना (ketunā) - with a banner, flag

• विमलादित्यसंकाशः (vimalādityasaṁkāśaḥ) - resembling the spotless sun

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - he stood

• कुरुचमूपतिः (kurucamūpatiḥ) - the commander of the Kuru army

Words meanings and morphology

तालेन (tālena) - with a palm tree (emblem)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tāla

tāla - palm tree, palmyra

Root: tal

महता (mahatā) - with a great, large

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Root: mah

Note: Qualifies 'tālena' and 'ketunā'.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a Kuru elder)

Root: bhī

Note: Subject of the sentence.

पञ्चतारेण (pañcatāreṇa) - with five stars

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pañcatāra

pañcatāra - having five stars

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+tārā)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• tārā – star
  noun (feminine)
  Root: tṛ

Note: Qualifies 'ketunā'.

केतुना (ketunā) - with a banner, flag

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ketu

ketu - banner, flag, emblem

Root: cit

विमलादित्यसंकाशः (vimalādityasaṁkāśaḥ) - resembling the spotless sun

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vimalādityasaṃkāśa

vimalādityasaṁkāśa - resembling the spotless sun

Compound type : tatpurusha (vimala+āditya+saṃkāśa)

• vimala – spotless, pure, clean
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: mal
• āditya – the sun, a son of Aditi
  noun (masculine)
  Root: aditi
• saṃkāśa – resembling, similar to
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From 'sam' + 'kāś' (to appear, shine).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhīṣmaḥ'.

तस्थौ (tasthau) - he stood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect

third person singular, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: sthā (class 1)

कुरुचमूपतिः (kurucamūpatiḥ) - the commander of the Kuru army

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurucamūpati

kurucamūpati - commander of the Kuru army

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+camū+pati)

• kuru – Kuru (name of a dynasty/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ
• camū – army, host
  noun (feminine)
  Root: cam
• pati – lord, master, commander
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā

Note: Appositive to 'bhīṣmaḥ'.