महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-17, verse-21

अश्वत्थामा ययौ यत्तः सिंहलाङ्गूलकेतनः ।
श्रुतायुश्चित्रसेनश्च पुरुमित्रो विविंशतिः ॥२१॥

21. aśvatthāmā yayau yattaḥ siṁhalāṅgūlaketanaḥ ,
śrutāyuścitrasenaśca purumitro viviṁśatiḥ.

21. aśvatthāmā yayau yattaḥ siṃhalāṅgūlaketanaḥ
śrutāyuḥ citrasenaḥ ca purumitraḥ viviṃśatiḥ

21. yattaḥ aśvatthāmā siṃhalāṅgūlaketanaḥ yayau.
śrutāyuḥ ca citrasenaḥ purumitraḥ viviṃśatiḥ (api yayuḥ).

21. Ashwatthama, being prepared, proceeded, bearing a banner (ketana) with a lion's tail (siṃhalāṅgūla). Shrutayu, Chitrasena, Purumitra, and Vivimshati also (proceeded).

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashwatthama (Ashwatthama (son of Drona))

• ययौ (yayau) - he proceeded (to battle) (he went, he proceeded)

• यत्तः (yattaḥ) - prepared (for battle), ever-ready (prepared, ready, careful, controlled)

• सिंहलाङ्गूलकेतनः (siṁhalāṅgūlaketanaḥ) - having a banner depicting a lion's tail (whose banner has a lion's tail)

• श्रुतायुः (śrutāyuḥ) - King Shrutayu (Shrutayu (proper name))

• चित्रसेनः (citrasenaḥ) - King Chitrasena (Chitrasena (proper name))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पुरुमित्रः (purumitraḥ) - King Purumitra (Purumitra (proper name))

• विविंशतिः (viviṁśatiḥ) - Prince Vivimshati (Duryodhana's brother) (Vivimshati (proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थामा (aśvatthāmā) - Ashwatthama (Ashwatthama (son of Drona))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Name of Drona's son; possessing the strength of a horse.

n-stem noun, nominative singular.

ययौ (yayau) - he proceeded (to battle) (he went, he proceeded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect tense (liṭ) formation

Reduplicated root, 3rd person singular active.

Root: yā (class 2)

यत्तः (yattaḥ) - prepared (for battle), ever-ready (prepared, ready, careful, controlled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yata

yata - restrained, controlled, prepared, active

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yam' (to restrain, control).

Root: yam (class 1)

सिंहलाङ्गूलकेतनः (siṁhalāṅgūlaketanaḥ) - having a banner depicting a lion's tail (whose banner has a lion's tail)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃhalāṅgūlaketana

siṁhalāṅgūlaketana - having a banner with a lion's tail

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (siṃha+lāṅgūla+ketana)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• lāṅgūla – tail
  noun (neuter)
• ketana – banner, flag, sign
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kit' (to know, notice, signify).
  Root: kit (class 10)

श्रुतायुः (śrutāyuḥ) - King Shrutayu (Shrutayu (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrutāyu

śrutāyu - Name of a king; having a famous lifespan or a famous weapon.

u-stem noun.

चित्रसेनः (citrasenaḥ) - King Chitrasena (Chitrasena (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citrasena

citrasena - Name of a king; having a splendid army.

Compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (citra+senā)

• citra – bright, clear, splendid, variegated
  adjective
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Placed after the word it connects.

पुरुमित्रः (purumitraḥ) - King Purumitra (Purumitra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of purumitra

purumitra - Name of a king; having many friends.

Compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (puru+mitra)

• puru – much, many, often
  adjective
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

विविंशतिः (viviṁśatiḥ) - Prince Vivimshati (Duryodhana's brother) (Vivimshati (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viviṃśati

viviṁśati - Name of a Kaurava prince.

i-stem noun.