महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-100, verse-6

अपरे तुद्यमानास्तु वाजिनागरथा रणात् ।
त्वरया परया युक्ताः प्राद्रवन्त विशां पते ॥६॥

6. apare tudyamānāstu vājināgarathā raṇāt ,
tvarayā parayā yuktāḥ prādravanta viśāṁ pate.

6. apare tudyamānāḥ tu vājināgarathāḥ raṇāt
tvarayā parayā yuktāḥ prādravanta viśām pate

6. viśām pate,
tudyamānāḥ tu apare vājināgarathāḥ parayā tvarayā yuktāḥ raṇāt prādravanta

6. But others, being tormented – those on horses, elephants, and chariots – fled from the battle, endowed with great (parayā) speed (tvarayā), O lord of men (viśāṃ pate).

Words meanings summery:

• अपरे (apare) - others, other ones

• तुद्यमानाः (tudyamānāḥ) - being harassed (by Arjuna's arrows) (being pricked, being harassed, being tormented)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• वाजिनागरथाः (vājināgarathāḥ) - warriors mounted on horses, elephants, or chariots ((those on) horses, elephants, and chariots)

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle

• त्वरया (tvarayā) - with speed, in haste

• परया (parayā) - by great (speed) (by supreme, by highest, by great)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with (speed) (endowed with, joined, engaged in)

• प्राद्रवन्त (prādravanta) - they fled, they ran forth

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O king (O lord, O master)

Words meanings and morphology

अपरे (apare) - others, other ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, subsequent

Note: Subject.

तुद्यमानाः (tudyamānāḥ) - being harassed (by Arjuna's arrows) (being pricked, being harassed, being tormented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tudyamāna

tudyamāna - being pricked, being pushed, being tormented

present passive participle

From root √tud (to prick, strike, torment) in the passive voice with present participle suffix -māna.

Root: tud (class 6)

Note: Agrees with `apare` and `vājināgarathāḥ`.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating contrast or emphasis.

वाजिनागरथाः (vājināgarathāḥ) - warriors mounted on horses, elephants, or chariots ((those on) horses, elephants, and chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vājināgaratha

vājināgaratha - (composed of) horses, elephants, and chariots

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (vājin+nāga+ratha)

• vājin – horse, swift
  noun (masculine)
  From root √vaj (to be strong, swift).
  Root: vaj (class 1)
• nāga – elephant, snake
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  From root √rādh.
  Root: rādh (class 4)

Note: Refers to the soldiers on these vehicles, acting as a collective subject with `apare`.

रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Indicates origin of flight.

त्वरया (tvarayā) - with speed, in haste

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tvarā

tvarā - speed, haste, urgency

From root √tvar (to hurry).

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifier of `yuktāḥ`.

परया (parayā) - by great (speed) (by supreme, by highest, by great)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, greatest, ultimate, other

Comparative/superlative sense.

Note: Agrees with `tvarayā`.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with (speed) (endowed with, joined, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, associated, connected, endowed with, engaged, proper

past passive participle

From root √yuj (to join, connect) with suffix -ta.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Forms an adjectival phrase modifying `apare` and `vājināgarathāḥ`.

प्राद्रवन्त (prādravanta) - they fled, they ran forth

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dru

imperfect (laṅ), active, 3rd person plural

Root √dru (to run) with prefix pra-. Imperfect tense, 3rd plural active.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community, clan

Root √viś (to enter, settle).

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Genitive plural, part of compound address `viśāṃ pate`.

पते (pate) - O king (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, protector

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Forms the compound address `viśāṃ pate` with `viśām`.