महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-100, verse-22

हताश्वात्तु रथात्तूर्णमवप्लुत्य महारथः ।
आरुरोह रथं तूर्णं दुर्मुखस्य विशां पते ॥२२॥

22. hatāśvāttu rathāttūrṇamavaplutya mahārathaḥ ,
āruroha rathaṁ tūrṇaṁ durmukhasya viśāṁ pate.

22. hatāśvāt tu rathāt tūrṇam avaplutya mahārathaḥ
āruruha ratham tūrṇam durmukhasya viśām pate

22. viśām pate,
mahārathaḥ (citrasenaḥ) tu hatāśvāt rathāt tūrṇam avaplutya tūrṇam durmukhasya ratham āruruha

22. O lord of the people, the great warrior (Citrasena), having quickly jumped down from his chariot with its horses killed, swiftly mounted Durmukha's chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• हताश्वात् (hatāśvāt) - from the chariot with its horses killed (from the one with killed horses, from the chariot with dead horses)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, having alighted

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Citrasena (great warrior, great charioteer)

• आरुरुह (āruruha) - ascended, mounted, climbed

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• दुर्मुखस्य (durmukhasya) - of Durmukha

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

Words meanings and morphology

हताश्वात् (hatāśvāt) - from the chariot with its horses killed (from the one with killed horses, from the chariot with dead horses)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hatāśva

hatāśva - having horses killed, whose horses are dead

Bahuvrīhi compound: hata (killed) + aśva (horse)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hata+aśva)

• hata – killed, struck, destroyed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √han (to kill, strike)
  Root: han (class 2)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies rathāt.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

particle

Note: Connects to previous action.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Place from which one jumps.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

adverbial use of neuter accusative of tūrṇa (past participle of √tur, 'to hasten').

Root: tur (class 1)

Note: Modifies avaplutya.

अवप्लुत्य (avaplutya) - having jumped down, having alighted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

from root plu with upasarga ava- (down)

Prefix: ava

Root: plu (class 1)

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - Citrasena (great warrior, great charioteer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors, great chariot

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of āruruha.

आरुरुह (āruruha) - ascended, mounted, climbed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of ruh

Perfect active

3rd person singular, parasmaipada. Reduplication ru-ru is part of the perfect formation, with upasarga ā- (up, to, upon).

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Subject is mahārathaḥ.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

adverbial use of neuter accusative of tūrṇa (past participle of √tur, 'to hasten').

Root: tur (class 1)

Note: Adverb. Modifies āruruha.

दुर्मुखस्य (durmukhasya) - of Durmukha

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durmukha

durmukha - bad-mouthed, foul-mouthed, having an ugly face; a proper name

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+mukha)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Possessive, 'Durmukha's'.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

feminine noun, root viś (to enter)

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Part of the compound address viśām pate.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

i-stem noun

Note: Part of the address viśām pate, addressed to Dhritarashtra.