महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-100, verse-31

अनासाद्य तु वार्ष्णेयं शक्तिः परमदारुणा ।
न्यपतद्धरणीपृष्ठे महोल्केव गतप्रभा ॥३१॥

31. anāsādya tu vārṣṇeyaṁ śaktiḥ paramadāruṇā ,
nyapataddharaṇīpṛṣṭhe maholkeva gataprabhā.

31. anāsādya tu vārṣṇeyam śaktiḥ paramadāruṇā
nyapatat dharaṇīpṛṣṭhe maholkā iva gataprabhā

31. paramadāruṇā śaktiḥ tu vārṣṇeyam anāsādya
gataprabhā maholkā iva dharaṇīpṛṣṭhe nyapatat

31. But that extremely fierce missile (śakti), failing to reach Vārṣṇeya, fell to the surface of the earth like a great meteor whose light had vanished.

Words meanings summery:

• अनासाद्य (anāsādya) - not having obtained, without reaching, failing to reach

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

• वार्ष्णेयम् (vārṣṇeyam) - Vārṣṇeya, belonging to the Vṛṣṇi clan (Krishna)

• शक्तिः (śaktiḥ) - missile (power, strength, missile, divine energy)

• परमदारुणा (paramadāruṇā) - extremely terrible, most fierce

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

• धरणीपृष्ठे (dharaṇīpṛṣṭhe) - on the surface of the earth

• महोल्का (maholkā) - great meteor, large falling star

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• गतप्रभा (gataprabhā) - whose light has gone, lusterless, faded

Words meanings and morphology

अनासाद्य (anāsādya) - not having obtained, without reaching, failing to reach

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From verb root `sad` (to sit, go) with prefix `ā` and negative prefix `an-`, forming an Absolutive.

Prefixes: an+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Acts as an absolutive, indicating a prior action.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: A particle used for emphasis or contrast.

वार्ष्णेयम् (vārṣṇeyam) - Vārṣṇeya, belonging to the Vṛṣṇi clan (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - descendant of Vṛṣṇi, belonging to the Vṛṣṇi clan (often referring to Krishna)

Derived from Vṛṣṇi.

Note: Object of the absolutive 'anāsādya'.

शक्तिः (śaktiḥ) - missile (power, strength, missile, divine energy)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakti

śakti - power, strength, capability, divine energy, weapon, missile

From root `śak` (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Subject of the verb 'nyapatat'.

परमदारुणा (paramadāruṇā) - extremely terrible, most fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paramadāruṇa

paramadāruṇa - extremely terrible, most fierce, exceedingly dreadful

Compound of `parama` (supreme, utmost) and `dāruṇa` (terrible, fierce).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+dāruṇa)

• parama – supreme, utmost, highest
  adjective
• dāruṇa – terrible, fierce, dreadful
  adjective

Note: Qualifies `śakti`.

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect tense

From root `pat` (to fall) with prefix `ni`.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

धरणीपृष्ठे (dharaṇīpṛṣṭhe) - on the surface of the earth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dharaṇīpṛṣṭha

dharaṇīpṛṣṭha - surface of the earth, ground

Compound of `dharaṇī` (earth) and `pṛṣṭha` (back, surface).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharaṇī+pṛṣṭha)

• dharaṇī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Indicates location where it fell.

महोल्का (maholkā) - great meteor, large falling star

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maholkā

maholkā - great meteor, large firebrand, comet

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `ulkā` (meteor, firebrand).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ulkā)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ulkā – meteor, firebrand, torch
  noun (feminine)

Note: Forms part of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

Note: Forms part of the simile.

गतप्रभा (gataprabhā) - whose light has gone, lusterless, faded

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gataprabhā

gataprabhā - whose splendor is gone, lusterless, faded, diminished in glory

Bahuvrīhi compound: `gata` (gone) + `prabhā` (light, splendor).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+prabhā)

• gata – gone, departed, reached
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `gam` (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)
• prabhā – light, splendor, radiance
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies `maholkā`.