महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-100, verse-4

ते वध्यमानाः पार्थेन कालेनेव युगक्षये ।
व्यद्रवन्त रणे राजन्भये जाते महारथाः ॥४॥

4. te vadhyamānāḥ pārthena kāleneva yugakṣaye ,
vyadravanta raṇe rājanbhaye jāte mahārathāḥ.

4. te vadhyamānāḥ pārthena kālena iva yugakṣaye
vyadravanta raṇe rājan bhaye jāte mahārathāḥ

4. rājan te mahārathāḥ pārthena vadhyamānāḥ
yugakṣaye kālena iva bhaye jāte raṇe vyadravanta

4. O King (rājan), those great warriors (mahārathāḥ), being slain by Arjuna (pārtha) as if by Time itself at the dissolution of an age (yugakṣaye), became terrified (bhaye jāte) and fled from the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (warriors of Suśarman) (those, they)

• वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (by Pārtha, by Arjuna)

• कालेन (kālena) - by time, by fate

• इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

• युगक्षये (yugakṣaye) - at the end of an age, at the dissolution of an era

• व्यद्रवन्त (vyadravanta) - they fled, they dispersed

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, from battle

• राजन् (rājan) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

• भये (bhaye) - when fear (in fear, by fear, when fear)

• जाते (jāte) - having arisen (arisen, happened, produced)

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (warriors of Suśarman) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, they

Note: Refers to the warriors mentioned in the previous verse.

वध्यमानाः (vadhyamānāḥ) - being slain, being killed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being slain, being killed

present passive participle

From root √vadh (to strike, kill) in the passive voice with present participle suffix -māna. The root is derived from √han (to kill), which takes vadh- in passive and causative forms.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `te` and `mahārathāḥ`.

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (by Pārtha, by Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma

Derived from Pṛthā + aṇ suffix.

Note: Agent of the passive participle `vadhyamānāḥ`.

कालेन (kālena) - by time, by fate

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, destiny, death

Root: kal (class 10)

इव (iva) - like, as if, similar to

(indeclinable)

युगक्षये (yugakṣaye) - at the end of an age, at the dissolution of an era

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yugakṣaya

yugakṣaya - end of a Yuga (age/era), destruction of the world

Compound type : tatpurusha (yuga+kṣaya)

• yuga – age, era, epoch, pair, yoke
  noun (neuter)
  From root √yuj (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• kṣaya – destruction, decay, end, loss
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kṣi (to destroy, diminish).
  Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Locative of time.

व्यद्रवन्त (vyadravanta) - they fled, they dispersed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dru

imperfect (laṅ), active, 3rd person plural

Root √dru (to run) with prefix vi-. Imperfect tense, 3rd plural active.

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, from battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Locative indicating location 'in battle'.

राजन् (rājan) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Sañjaya.

भये (bhaye) - when fear (in fear, by fear, when fear)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread

From root √bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

जाते (jāte) - having arisen (arisen, happened, produced)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, happened

past passive participle

From root √jan (to be born, produced) with suffix -ta.

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `bhaye`. Part of locative absolute construction 'bhaye jāte'.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, one who fights from a great chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  From mahat.
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  From root √rādh.
  Root: rādh (class 4)

Note: Subject of `vyadravanta`.