महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-100, verse-24

पीड्यमानस्ततो राजा द्रुपदो वाहिनीमुखे ।
अपायाज्जवनैरश्वैः पूर्ववैरमनुस्मरन् ॥२४॥

24. pīḍyamānastato rājā drupado vāhinīmukhe ,
apāyājjavanairaśvaiḥ pūrvavairamanusmaran.

24. pīḍyamānaḥ tataḥ rājā drupadaḥ vāhinīmukhe
apāyāt javanaiḥ aśvaiḥ pūrvavairam anusmaran

24. tataḥ vāhinīmukhe pīḍyamānaḥ rājā drupadaḥ
pūrvavairam anusmaran javanaiḥ aśvaiḥ apāyāt

24. Then King Drupada, being afflicted at the vanguard of the army, retreated with swift horses, remembering his old animosity.

Words meanings summery:

• पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being oppressed, being afflicted

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• राजा (rājā) - king

• द्रुपदः (drupadaḥ) - Drupada

• वाहिनीमुखे (vāhinīmukhe) - at the forefront of the army, at the vanguard

• अपायात् (apāyāt) - he went away, he retreated

• जवनैः (javanaiḥ) - with swift horses (with swift (ones))

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with horses

• पूर्ववैरम् (pūrvavairam) - former enmity, old hostility

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering

Words meanings and morphology

पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being oppressed, being afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being oppressed, being afflicted, being tormented

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root √pīḍ (to oppress) with suffix -śānac

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

द्रुपदः (drupadaḥ) - Drupada

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drupada

drupada - Drupada (name of a king)

वाहिनीमुखे (vāhinīmukhe) - at the forefront of the army, at the vanguard

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vāhinīmukha

vāhinīmukha - forefront of the army, vanguard

Compound type : tatpurusha (vāhinī+mukha)

• vāhinī – army, host, river
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, entrance
  noun (neuter)

अपायात् (apāyāt) - he went away, he retreated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apāyāt

Imperfect Tense

Imperfect 3rd person singular of √i with prefix apa-

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

जवनैः (javanaiḥ) - with swift horses (with swift (ones))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of javana

javana - swift, quick, speedy

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - with horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

पूर्ववैरम् (pūrvavairam) - former enmity, old hostility

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrvavaira

pūrvavaira - former enmity, old hostility

Compound type : tatpurusha (pūrva+vaira)

• pūrva – former, previous, earlier
  adjective (masculine)
• vaira – enmity, hostility, hatred
  noun (neuter)

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarat

anusmarat - remembering, recollecting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root √smṛ (to remember) with prefix anu- and suffix -śatṛ

Prefix: anu

Root: smṛ (class 1)