महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-8, verse-5

व्यथयन्निव भूतानि कम्पयन्निव मेदिनीम् ।
शनैर्विश्रामयन्सेनां स ययौ येन पाण्डवः ॥५॥

5. vyathayanniva bhūtāni kampayanniva medinīm ,
śanairviśrāmayansenāṁ sa yayau yena pāṇḍavaḥ.

5. vyathayan iva bhūtāni kampayan iva medinīm
śanaiḥ viśrāmayan senām saḥ yayau yena pāṇḍavaḥ

5. He proceeded towards where the Pāṇḍava was, slowly bringing his army to a halt, as if causing distress to all beings and shaking the earth.

Words meanings summery:

• व्यथयन् (vyathayan) - causing distress, afflicting, troubling

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

• कम्पयन् (kampayan) - causing to tremble, shaking

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually, gently

• विश्रामयन् (viśrāmayan) - causing to rest, resting, halting

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host, troop

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to the main subject of the verse, often a king or general. (he, that)

• ययौ (yayau) - went, proceeded

• येन (yena) - To where, in the direction of. (by which, in which way, where, to which place)

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - a descendant of Pāṇḍu

Words meanings and morphology

व्यथयन् (vyathayan) - causing distress, afflicting, troubling

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathayan

vyathayan - causing distress, troubling, afflicting

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from root `vyath` (to be troubled, agitated) with causative suffix `-ay` and then present participle suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: vyath (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

भूतानि (bhūtāni) - beings, creatures, elements

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, ghost, past

Past Passive Participle (when used adjectivally)

From root `bhū` (to be, to become). Functions as a noun here.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of `vyathayan`. Could also be nominative plural.

कम्पयन् (kampayan) - causing to tremble, shaking

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kampayan

kampayan - causing to tremble, shaking, vibrating

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from root `kamp` (to tremble) with causative suffix `-ay` and then present participle suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: kamp (class 1)

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

मेदिनीम् (medinīm) - the earth

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of medinī

medinī - the earth, ground, soil

Note: Object of `kampayan`.

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually, gently

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form derived from `śana` (slow) with `ais` suffix.

Note: Functions as an adverb.

विश्रामयन् (viśrāmayan) - causing to rest, resting, halting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśrāmayan

viśrāmayan - causing to rest, making halt, suspending

Present Active Participle (Causative)

From root `śram` (to be weary, to rest) with prefix `vi-` and causative suffix `-ay`, then present participle suffix `śatṛ`.

Prefix: vi

Root: śram (class 4)

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host, troop

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop, weapon

Note: Object of `viśrāmayan`.

सः (saḥ) - Refers to the main subject of the verse, often a king or general. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ययौ (yayau) - went, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

Perfect 3rd person singular

Reduplicated perfect form of root `yā`.

Root: yā (class 2)

येन (yena) - To where, in the direction of. (by which, in which way, where, to which place)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yat

yat - which, what, who, that

Note: Used adverbially to denote direction.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - a descendant of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, one of the Pāṇḍavas

Derived from Pāṇḍu + `aṇ` suffix.