महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-8, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
शल्यः श्रुत्वा तु दूतानां सैन्येन महता वृतः ।
अभ्ययात्पाण्डवान्राजन्सह पुत्रैर्महारथैः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
śalyaḥ śrutvā tu dūtānāṁ sainyena mahatā vṛtaḥ ,
abhyayātpāṇḍavānrājansaha putrairmahārathaiḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca śalyaḥ śrutvā tu dūtānām sainyena mahatā
vṛtaḥ abhyayāt pāṇḍavān rājan saha putraiḥ mahārathaiḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "O King, Śalya, upon hearing the messengers, advanced towards the Pāṇḍavas, surrounded by a vast army and accompanied by his sons, who were mighty charioteers."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (name of a king)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - indeed (indeed, but, however)

• दूतानाम् (dūtānām) - of the messengers

• सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, with the army

• महता (mahatā) - by a great, with a great

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - advanced, went towards

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - with sons

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - with great charioteers

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a student of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

from √vac, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - name of a king, brother of Mādrī

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from √śru + tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - indeed (indeed, but, however)

(indeclinable)

दूतानाम् (dūtānām) - of the messengers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dūta

dūta - messenger, envoy

सैन्येन (sainyena) - by the army, with the army

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, military

derived from senā (army)

महता (mahatā) - by a great, with a great

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast

Note: agreeing with 'sainyena'

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - covered, surrounded, chosen

Past Passive Participle

from √vṛ 'to cover, encompass'

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: agreeing with 'śalyaḥ'

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - advanced, went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect Active

from abhi-√i, 3rd person singular

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

पुत्रैः (putraiḥ) - with sons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - with great charioteers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: agreeing with 'putraiḥ'