महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-8, verse-28

शल्य उवाच ।
शृणु पाण्डव भद्रं ते यद्ब्रवीषि दुरात्मनः ।
तेजोवधनिमित्तं मां सूतपुत्रस्य संयुगे ॥२८॥

28. śalya uvāca ,
śṛṇu pāṇḍava bhadraṁ te yadbravīṣi durātmanaḥ ,
tejovadhanimittaṁ māṁ sūtaputrasya saṁyuge.

28. śalya uvāca śṛṇu pāṇḍava bhadram te yat bravīṣi
durātmanaḥ tejovadhanimittam mām sūtaputrasya saṃyuge

28. Shalya said: "Listen, O son of Pandu, may good fortune be yours. What you, O evil-minded one, say to me concerning the diminishment of the charioteer's son's (Karna's) glory in battle..."

Words meanings summery:

• शल्य (śalya) - Shalya (King of Madra, maternal uncle of Nakula and Sahadeva) (Shalya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - Referring to Yudhishthira. (O son of Pandu)

• भद्रम् (bhadram) - may good fortune be yours (welfare, good fortune)

• ते (te) - to you, for you

• यत् (yat) - what, that which

• ब्रवीषि (bravīṣi) - you say, you speak

• दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - O evil-minded one (vocative, referring to Yudhishthira, as Shalya implies he is making an improper request). (O evil-minded one; of the wicked soul)

• तेजोवधनिमित्तम् (tejovadhanimittam) - concerning the diminishment of glory (for the purpose of destroying glory)

• माम् (mām) - concerning me (Shalya), or to me (as an object of address) (me)

• सूतपुत्रस्य (sūtaputrasya) - of Karna (of the charioteer's son)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

शल्य (śalya) - Shalya (King of Madra, maternal uncle of Nakula and Sahadeva) (Shalya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (proper name), dart, spear, thorn

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, Imperative mood, active voice

Root: śru (class 5)

पाण्डव (pāṇḍava) - Referring to Yudhishthira. (O son of Pandu)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu; one of the Pandava brothers

Patronymic from `paṇḍu`.

भद्रम् (bhadram) - may good fortune be yours (welfare, good fortune)

(noun)

neuter, singular of bhadra

bhadra - auspicious, good, excellent, welfare

Root: bhad (class 1)

ते (te) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Dative of benefit, "to you", "for you".

यत् (yat) - what, that which

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Object of `bravīṣi`.

ब्रवीषि (bravīṣi) - you say, you speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present Active

2nd person singular, Present tense, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is implied 'you' (Yudhishthira).

दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - O evil-minded one (vocative, referring to Yudhishthira, as Shalya implies he is making an improper request). (O evil-minded one; of the wicked soul)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - wicked-souled, evil-minded, malicious; a wicked person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi / tatpuruṣa (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Or can be genitive, "of the wicked one (Duryodhana)". The vocative interpretation is stronger given the context of Shalya's potential objection.

तेजोवधनिमित्तम् (tejovadhanimittam) - concerning the diminishment of glory (for the purpose of destroying glory)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tejovadhanimitta

tejovadhanimitta - for the purpose of destroying brilliance/glory, as a cause for the destruction of spirit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tejas+vadha+nimitta)

• tejas – radiance, glory, power, spirit, luster
  noun (neuter)
• vadha – killing, destruction, striking
  noun (masculine)
  From root `vadh`
  Root: vadh (class 1)
• nimitta – cause, motive, purpose, occasion
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Acts as a nominal object of `bravīṣi` (you say this).

माम् (mām) - concerning me (Shalya), or to me (as an object of address) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of `bravīṣi`.

सूतपुत्रस्य (sūtaputrasya) - of Karna (of the charioteer's son)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
  From root `sū` (to impel, generate)
  Root: sū (class 2)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
  Root: put (class 1)

Note: Connects with `tejovadhanimittam`.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, war

Compound: `sam` (together) + `yuga` (yoke, pair, age; here implies "joining together for conflict").

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Locative of place/time.