महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-8, verse-11

गूढो दुर्योधनस्तत्र दर्शयामास मातुलम् ।
तं दृष्ट्वा मद्रराजस्तु ज्ञात्वा यत्नं च तस्य तम् ।
परिष्वज्याब्रवीत्प्रीत इष्टोऽर्थो गृह्यतामिति ॥११॥

11. gūḍho duryodhanastatra darśayāmāsa mātulam ,
taṁ dṛṣṭvā madrarājastu jñātvā yatnaṁ ca tasya tam ,
pariṣvajyābravītprīta iṣṭo'rtho gṛhyatāmiti.

11. gūḍhaḥ duryodhanaḥ tatra darśayāmāsa
mātulam tam dr̥ṣṭvā madrarājaḥ tu jñātvā
yatnam ca tasya tam pariṣvajya
abravīt prītaḥ iṣṭaḥ arthaḥ gr̥hyatām iti

11. Duryodhana, who was concealed there, revealed himself to his maternal uncle. When the King of Madra saw him and understood his (Duryodhana's) efforts, he embraced him, and being pleased, said, 'May your desired request be granted!'

Words meanings summery:

• गूढः (gūḍhaḥ) - hidden, concealed, secret

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, then

• दर्शयामास (darśayāmāsa) - he showed, he revealed, he caused to be seen

• मातुलम् (mātulam) - maternal uncle

• तम् (tam) - Duryodhana's maternal uncle, Śalya (him, that)

• द्र्̥ष्ट्वा (dr̥ṣṭvā) - having seen

• मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - the king of Madras (Śalya)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort, attempt, endeavor

• च (ca) - and, also

• तस्य (tasya) - Duryodhana's (his, of him, that)

• तम् (tam) - that effort (that)

• परिष्वज्य (pariṣvajya) - having embraced, having clasped

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, delighted, satisfied

• इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - desired, wished, beloved

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - request, desired object (purpose, object, meaning, wealth)

• ग्र्̥ह्यताम् (gr̥hyatām) - let it be taken, let it be accepted

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quote marker

Words meanings and morphology

गूढः (gūḍhaḥ) - hidden, concealed, secret

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gūḍha

gūḍha - hidden, concealed, secret

Past Passive Participle

From root guh (to hide) + kta suffix

Root: guh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Duryodhana.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (son of Dhritarashtra, antagonist in Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place, then

(indeclinable)

Locative case form of 'tad' used as an adverb

दर्शयामास (darśayāmāsa) - he showed, he revealed, he caused to be seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of darśaya

Causative perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular (from 'dṛś' with causative suffix 'i' and auxiliary verb 'ās')

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Compound with auxiliary verb 'ās'.

मातुलम् (mātulam) - maternal uncle

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātula

mātula - maternal uncle

Note: Object of 'darśayāmāsa'.

तम् (tam) - Duryodhana's maternal uncle, Śalya (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'mātula'.

द्र्̥ष्ट्वा (dr̥ṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) + tvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

मद्रराजः (madrarājaḥ) - the king of Madras (Śalya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madras

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rāja)

• madra – name of a country/people
  proper noun (neuter)
• rāja – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction/particle.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root jñā (to know) + tvā suffix

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

यत्नम् (yatnam) - effort, attempt, endeavor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, attempt

Note: Object of 'jñātvā'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तस्य (tasya) - Duryodhana's (his, of him, that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to Duryodhana.

तम् (tam) - that effort (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'yatnam'.

परिष्वज्य (pariṣvajya) - having embraced, having clasped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From pari + svaj (to embrace) + ya suffix (used with prefixes)

Prefix: pari

Root: svaj (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased, delighted, satisfied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, beloved, satisfied

Past Passive Participle

From root prī (to please) + kta suffix

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'madrarājaḥ'.

इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - desired, wished, beloved

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, sacrificed, worshipped

Past Passive Participle

From root iṣ (to wish) + kta suffix

Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'arthaḥ'.

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - request, desired object (purpose, object, meaning, wealth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, object, meaning, wealth, matter

Note: Subject of 'gr̥hyatām'.

ग्र्̥ह्यताम् (gr̥hyatām) - let it be taken, let it be accepted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of grah

Imperative, Atmanepada, 3rd person singular (Passive)

Root: grah (class 9)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, quote marker

(indeclinable)

Note: Quotative particle.