महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-8, verse-12

दुर्योधन उवाच ।
सत्यवाग्भव कल्याण वरो वै मम दीयताम् ।
सर्वसेनाप्रणेता मे भवान्भवितुमर्हति ॥१२॥

12. duryodhana uvāca ,
satyavāgbhava kalyāṇa varo vai mama dīyatām ,
sarvasenāpraṇetā me bhavānbhavitumarhati.

12. duryodhanaḥ uvāca satyavāk bhava kalyāṇa varaḥ vai mama
dīyatām sarvasenāpraṇetā me bhavān bhavitum arhati

12. Duryodhana said: 'O auspicious one, be true to your word! Indeed, let a boon be granted to me. You (your honor) should become the commander of my entire army.'

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful, true-worded

• भव (bhava) - be, become

• कल्याण (kalyāṇa) - O auspicious one, O good one

• वरः (varaḥ) - boon, wish, request

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely (particle)

• मम (mama) - my, to me, for me

• दीयताम् (dīyatām) - let it be given, let it be granted

• सर्वसेनाप्रणेता (sarvasenāpraṇetā) - leader of the entire army, commander-in-chief

• मे (me) - my (army) (my, of me)

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (polite), your honor

• भवितुम् (bhavitum) - to be, to become

• अर्हति (arhati) - he ought, he deserves, he is able

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (son of Dhritarashtra, antagonist in Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful, true-worded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - speaking truth, truthful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, true
  noun (neuter)
• vāc – speech, word
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject of 'bhava'.

भव (bhava) - be, become

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative, Parasmaipada, 2nd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Śalya.

कल्याण (kalyāṇa) - O auspicious one, O good one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kalyāṇa

kalyāṇa - auspicious, excellent, beautiful, good fortune

Note: Used as a vocative noun, addressing Śalya.

वरः (varaḥ) - boon, wish, request

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, wish, choice, excellent

Note: Subject of 'dīyatām'.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely (particle)

(indeclinable)

मम (mama) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Here in dative sense of 'to me', the recipient of the boon.

दीयताम् (dīyatām) - let it be given, let it be granted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of dā

Imperative, Atmanepada, 3rd person singular (Passive)

Root: dā (class 3)

सर्वसेनाप्रणेता (sarvasenāpraṇetā) - leader of the entire army, commander-in-chief

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvasenāpraṇetṛ

sarvasenāpraṇetṛ - leader of the entire army

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+senā+praṇetṛ)

• sarva – all, entire
  adjective (neuter)
• senā – army
  noun (feminine)
• praṇetṛ – leader, guide
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from pra + nī (to lead)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative, related to 'bhavān'.

मे (me) - my (army) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Possessive, 'my army'.

भवान् (bhavān) - you (polite), your honor

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor, being

Present Active Participle

From root bhū (to be) + śatṛ suffix. Used as a polite pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'arhati'.

भवितुम् (bhavitum) - to be, to become

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root bhū (to be) + tumun suffix

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used with 'arhati'.

अर्हति (arhati) - he ought, he deserves, he is able

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Main verb.