महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-71, verse-4

जयो वधो वा संग्रामे धात्रा दिष्टः सनातनः ।
स्वधर्मः क्षत्रियस्यैष कार्पण्यं न प्रशस्यते ॥४॥

4. jayo vadho vā saṁgrāme dhātrā diṣṭaḥ sanātanaḥ ,
svadharmaḥ kṣatriyasyaiṣa kārpaṇyaṁ na praśasyate.

4. jayaḥ vadhaḥ vā saṅgrāme dhātrā diṣṭaḥ sanātanaḥ
svadharmaḥ kṣatriyasya eṣa kārpaṇyam na praśasyate

4. Victory or death in battle is eternally ordained by the Creator (dhātṛ). This is the inherent constitution (svadharma) of a kṣatriya; cowardice is not commendable.

Words meanings summery:

• जयः (jayaḥ) - victory, triumph

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, death, slaying

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in war

• धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the Creator, by the arranger, by destiny

• दिष्टः (diṣṭaḥ) - ordained, appointed, fated

• सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual

• स्वधर्मः (svadharmaḥ) - one's own natural law, one's own duty

• क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya

• एष (eṣa) - this, this one

• कार्पण्यम् (kārpaṇyam) - miserliness, meanness, cowardice, weakness

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised, is commended

Words meanings and morphology

जयः (jayaḥ) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, conquest, triumph

from ji

Root: ji (class 1)

वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, death, slaying

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, death

from vadh

Root: vadh (class 1)

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict

from sam + grāma

Root: gam (class 1)

धात्रा (dhātrā) - by the Creator, by the arranger, by destiny

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhātṛ

dhātṛ - creator, sustainer, arranger, destiny

Agent noun

from dhā

Root: dhā (class 3)

दिष्टः (diṣṭaḥ) - ordained, appointed, fated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of diṣṭa

diṣṭa - ordained, commanded, fated, appointed

Past Passive Participle

from diś

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies jayaḥ and vadhaḥ implicitly.

सनातनः (sanātanaḥ) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanātana

sanātana - eternal, ancient, perpetual, everlasting

from sanā + tana

Note: Qualifies diṣṭaḥ.

स्वधर्मः (svadharmaḥ) - one's own natural law, one's own duty

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own natural law, inherent constitution, personal duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  from dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatriyasya) - of a kṣatriya

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - a member of the warrior or ruling class

एष (eṣa) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etas

etas - this

Note: Refers to 'jayaḥ vadhaḥ vā saṅgrāme ... sanātanaḥ'.

कार्पण्यम् (kārpaṇyam) - miserliness, meanness, cowardice, weakness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārpaṇya

kārpaṇya - miserliness, meanness, cowardice, weakness

from kṛpaṇa + ṣyañ

Note: Also accusative neuter singular.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रशस्यते (praśasyate) - is praised, is commended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of praśaṃs

from pra + śaṃs

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)