महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-71, verse-23

वध्यः सर्प इवानार्यः सर्वलोकस्य दुर्मतिः ।
जह्येनं त्वममित्रघ्न मा राजन्विचिकित्सिथाः ॥२३॥

23. vadhyaḥ sarpa ivānāryaḥ sarvalokasya durmatiḥ ,
jahyenaṁ tvamamitraghna mā rājanvicikitsithāḥ.

23. vadhyaḥ sarpaḥ iva anāryaḥ sarvalokasya durmatiḥ
jahi enam tvam amitraghna mā rājan vicikitsithāḥ

23. One who is ignoble and ill-disposed towards all people should be killed like a snake. O slayer of enemies (amitraghna), strike him down! O king (rājan), do not hesitate!

Words meanings summery:

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, deserving of death

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - snake, serpent

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अनार्यः (anāryaḥ) - ignoble, base, uncivilized

• सर्वलोकस्य (sarvalokasya) - of all people, of the entire world

• दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, ill-disposed

• जहि (jahi) - strike down! kill!

• एनम् (enam) - him

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

• अमित्रघ्न (amitraghna) - O slayer of enemies

• मा (mā) - do not

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• विचिकित्सिथाः (vicikitsithāḥ) - you should hesitate, you should doubt

Words meanings and morphology

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, deserving of death

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, to be slain; killable; an enemy

Gerundive

Root vadh (to strike, kill), suffix -ya

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'anāryaḥ'

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - snake, serpent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent; creeping, crawling

From root sṛp (to creep, crawl)

Root: sṛp (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अनार्यः (anāryaḥ) - ignoble, base, uncivilized

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anārya

anārya - not noble, ignoble, base, contemptible; uncivilized

Negative particle an + ārya

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (an+ārya)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• ārya – noble, respectable, Aryan
  adjective (masculine)

Note: The subject of the sentence

सर्वलोकस्य (sarvalokasya) - of all people, of the entire world

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sarvaloka

sarvaloka - all people, the whole world

Compound: sarva (all) + loka (world/people)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+loka)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• loka – world, people, realm
  noun (masculine)
  From root lok (to see)
  Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Refers to 'all people' as those to whom the 'durmatiḥ' is directed.

दुर्मतिः (durmatiḥ) - evil-minded, ill-disposed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durmati

durmati - evil-minded, wicked thought, perverted intellect; an evil-minded person

Compound: dur (bad, difficult) + mati (mind, intellect)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+mati)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, opinion
  noun (feminine)
  From root man (to think)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'anāryaḥ'

जहि (jahi) - strike down! kill!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of han

Root han, imperative 2nd singular

Root: han (class 2)

एनम् (enam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her

त्वम् (tvam) - you (singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अमित्रघ्न (amitraghna) - O slayer of enemies

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of amitraghna

amitraghna - slayer of enemies, enemy-killing

Compound: amitra (enemy) + ghna (slayer, from root han)

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (amitra+ghna)

• amitra – enemy, not a friend
  noun (masculine)
  Negative particle a + mitra (friend)
• ghna – slayer, killing, destroying
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun suffix
  From root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Addressed to the king

मा (mā) - do not

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

विचिकित्सिथाः (vicikitsithāḥ) - you should hesitate, you should doubt

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of vicikits

Desiderative stem of cit (to observe, to think) with prefix vi

Aorist, prohibitive form (with mā), 2nd person singular

Prefix: vi

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Formed from vi-cikits (desiderative of cit). Used with mā for prohibition.