महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-71, verse-17

एताश्चान्याश्च परुषा वाचः स समुदीरयन् ।
श्लाघते ज्ञातिमध्ये स्म त्वयि प्रव्रजिते वनम् ॥१७॥

17. etāścānyāśca paruṣā vācaḥ sa samudīrayan ,
ślāghate jñātimadhye sma tvayi pravrajite vanam.

17. etāḥ ca anyāḥ ca paruṣāḥ vācaḥ saḥ samudīrayan
ślāghate jñātimadhye sma tvayi pravrajite vanam

17. Uttering these and other harsh words, he boasted among his relatives when you had departed for the forest.

Words meanings summery:

• एताः (etāḥ) - these (words) (these (feminine))

• च (ca) - and

• अन्याः (anyāḥ) - other (words) (other (feminine))

• च (ca) - and

• परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh (words) (harsh, rough, cruel)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (as object of uttering) (words, speeches)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that)

• समुदीरयन् (samudīrayan) - uttering (these words) (uttering, speaking forth, sending forth)

• श्लाघते (ślāghate) - he boasted (he boasts, he praises himself)

• ज्ञातिमध्ये (jñātimadhye) - among his (Kaurava) kinsmen (in the midst of relatives, among kinsmen)

• स्म (sma) - (indicates past action) (an enclitic particle, usually makes a present tense verb refer to past action)

• त्वयि (tvayi) - when you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (in you, upon you, when you)

• प्रव्रजिते (pravrajite) - had departed (gone forth, departed, become an ascetic)

• वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (forest, wood, grove)

Words meanings and morphology

एताः (etāḥ) - these (words) (these (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to 'vācaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अन्याः (anyāḥ) - other (words) (other (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Refers to 'vācaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh (words) (harsh, rough, cruel)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, unkind

Note: Adjective modifying 'vācaḥ'.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (as object of uttering) (words, speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word, language

Note: Object of 'samudīrayan'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Duryodhana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject.

समुदीरयन् (samudīrayan) - uttering (these words) (uttering, speaking forth, sending forth)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudīrayat

samudīrayat - uttering, speaking forth, sending forth

Present Participle (Parasmaipada)

Derived from sam-ud-√īr (to send forth, utter, speak).

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: īr (class 10)

Note: Adverbial participle referring to the subject 'saḥ'.

श्लाघते (ślāghate) - he boasted (he boasts, he praises himself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ślāgh

Root: ślāgh (class 1)

Note: Used with 'sma' to denote past action.

ज्ञातिमध्ये (jñātimadhye) - among his (Kaurava) kinsmen (in the midst of relatives, among kinsmen)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jñātimadhya

jñātimadhya - the midst of relatives, among kinsmen

Compound type : tatpurusha (jñāti+madhya)

• jñāti – relative, kinsman
  noun (masculine)
• madhya – middle, midst, center
  noun (neuter)

Note: Compound used as a locative adverb.

स्म (sma) - (indicates past action) (an enclitic particle, usually makes a present tense verb refer to past action)

(indeclinable)

Note: Attached to 'ślāghate'.

त्वयि (tvayi) - when you (Yudhiṣṭhira) (in you, upon you, when you)

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

प्रव्रजिते (pravrajite) - had departed (gone forth, departed, become an ascetic)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of pravrajita

pravrajita - gone forth, departed, become an ascetic

Past Passive Participle

Derived from pra-√vraj (to go forth, depart).

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

वनम् (vanam) - to the forest (forest, wood, grove)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Note: Object of motion for 'pravrajite'.