महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-71, verse-12

दानशीलं मृदुं दान्तं धर्मकाममनुव्रतम् ।
यत्त्वामुपधिना राजन्द्यूतेनावञ्चयत्तदा ।
न चापत्रपते पापो नृशंसस्तेन कर्मणा ॥१२॥

12. dānaśīlaṁ mṛduṁ dāntaṁ dharmakāmamanuvratam ,
yattvāmupadhinā rājandyūtenāvañcayattadā ,
na cāpatrapate pāpo nṛśaṁsastena karmaṇā.

12. dānaśīlam mṛdum dāntam dharmakāmam
anuvratam | yat tvām upadhinā rājan
dyūtena avañcayat tadā | na ca
apatrapate pāpaḥ nṛśaṃsaḥ tena karmaṇā

12. O king, he then cheated him—the generous, gentle, self-controlled, one desiring natural law (dharma), and dutiful—by deceit in the game of dice. And the wicked, cruel one does not feel shame for that action (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• दानशीलम् (dānaśīlam) - generous, liberal in giving

• मृदुम् (mṛdum) - gentle, soft, tender, mild

• दान्तम् (dāntam) - self-controlled, subdued, disciplined

• धर्मकामम् (dharmakāmam) - desiring natural law (dharma) (desiring righteousness, desirous of natural law)

• अनुव्रतम् (anuvratam) - dutiful, devoted, obedient, follower

• यत् (yat) - that (introducing the clause) (that which, because)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - him (Yudhiṣṭhira, the subject of the previous adjectives, here referred to as 'you' in a rhetorical sense) (you (singular, accusative))

• उपधिना (upadhinā) - by deceit, by fraud, by trickery

• राजन् (rājan) - O king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

• द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, by the game of dice

• अवञ्चयत् (avañcayat) - he cheated, he deceived

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपत्रपते (apatrapate) - is ashamed, feels shame

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - the wicked one (Duryodhana) (wicked, sinful, evil)

• नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - the cruel one (Duryodhana) (cruel, brutal, wicked)

• तेन (tena) - by that (action) (by that)

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by that action (karma) (by the action, by the deed)

Words meanings and morphology

दानशीलम् (dānaśīlam) - generous, liberal in giving

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dānaśīla

dānaśīla - of a generous nature, liberal, charitable

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dāna+śīla)

• dāna – giving, gift, charity (dāna)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dā (class 1)
• śīla – nature, character, habit, disposition
  noun (neuter)

मृदुम् (mṛdum) - gentle, soft, tender, mild

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, tender, gentle, mild

दान्तम् (dāntam) - self-controlled, subdued, disciplined

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - tamed, subdued, self-controlled

past passive participle

Derived from the root √dam (to tame, subdue) with suffix -ta.

Root: dam (class 4)

धर्मकामम् (dharmakāmam) - desiring natural law (dharma) (desiring righteousness, desirous of natural law)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmakāma

dharmakāma - desirous of righteousness, wishing for what is right (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+kāma)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √kam (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

अनुव्रतम् (anuvratam) - dutiful, devoted, obedient, follower

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuvrata

anuvrata - following vows or rules, dutiful, devoted, obedient

यत् (yat) - that (introducing the clause) (that which, because)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

त्वाम् (tvām) - him (Yudhiṣṭhira, the subject of the previous adjectives, here referred to as 'you' in a rhetorical sense) (you (singular, accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Grammatically 'you' (singular, accusative), but contextually referring to Yudhiṣṭhira, the object of Duryodhana's cheating.

उपधिना (upadhinā) - by deceit, by fraud, by trickery

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upadhi

upadhi - deceit, fraud, trick, stratagem

Prefix: upa

Root: dhā (class 3)

राजन् (rājan) - O king (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

द्यूतेन (dyūtena) - by gambling, by the game of dice

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice

Root: dyū (class 4)

अवञ्चयत् (avañcayat) - he cheated, he deceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of ava-√vañc

Prefix: ava

Root: vañc (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपत्रपते (apatrapate) - is ashamed, feels shame

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of apa-√trap

Prefix: apa

Root: trap (class 1)

पापः (pāpaḥ) - the wicked one (Duryodhana) (wicked, sinful, evil)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful; a wicked person

नृशंसः (nṛśaṁsaḥ) - the cruel one (Duryodhana) (cruel, brutal, wicked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, brutal, mischievous, wicked

तेन (tena) - by that (action) (by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by that action (karma) (by the action, by the deed)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)