महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-71, verse-37

दुर्योधनो न ह्यलमद्य दातुं जीवंस्तवैतन्नृपते कथंचित् ।
यत्ते पुरस्तादभवत्समृद्धं द्यूते हृतं पाण्डवमुख्य राज्यम् ॥३७॥

37. duryodhano na hyalamadya dātuṁ; jīvaṁstavaitannṛpate kathaṁcit ,
yatte purastādabhavatsamṛddhaṁ; dyūte hṛtaṁ pāṇḍavamukhya rājyam.

37. duryodhanaḥ na hi alam adya dātum
jīvan tava etat nṛpate kathaṃcit
yat te purastāt abhavat samṛddham
dyūte hṛtam pāṇḍava-mukhya rājyam

37. O King (nṛpate), Duryodhana is certainly not capable by any means of giving back this prosperous kingdom of yours, which was formerly taken away in the game of dice, while you are alive, O chief of Pandavas (pāṇḍavamukhya).

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, for, because)

• अलम् (alam) - capable (of) (capable, sufficient, enough)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• दातुम् (dātum) - to give

• जीवन् (jīvan) - while you (Yudhishthira) are alive (living, while alive)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• एतत् (etat) - this (kingdom) (this, this (one))

• नृपते (nṛpate) - O king

• कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - 'by any means' (implying 'not at all') (by any means, somehow, with difficulty)

• यत् (yat) - that which (refers to rājyam) (which, that)

• ते (te) - your (genitive) (to you, for you, your)

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - formerly, previously, in front of

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it was (prosperous) (it was, it existed, it became)

• समृद्धम् (samṛddham) - prosperous, flourishing, rich

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in the game of dice, at gambling

• हृतम् (hṛtam) - taken away, stolen, seized

• पाण्डव-मुख्य (pāṇḍava-mukhya) - O chief of the Pandavas

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

अलम् (alam) - capable (of) (capable, sufficient, enough)

(indeclinable)

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

दातुम् (dātum) - to give

(verb)

active, infinitive of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Used with 'alam' to express capability.

जीवन् (jīvan) - while you (Yudhishthira) are alive (living, while alive)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

from root jīv (to live) + śatṛ suffix

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Refers to the person being addressed, Yudhishthira.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Possessive, 'your kingdom'.

एतत् (etat) - this (kingdom) (this, this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Agrees with rājyam.

नृपते (nṛpate) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

from nṛ (man) + pā (to protect)

कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - 'by any means' (implying 'not at all') (by any means, somehow, with difficulty)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - that which (refers to rājyam) (which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Note: Relative pronoun, agreeing with rājyam.

ते (te) - your (genitive) (to you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Can also be dative; here 'your' kingdom.

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - formerly, previously, in front of

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - it was (prosperous) (it was, it existed, it became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

समृद्धम् (samṛddham) - prosperous, flourishing, rich

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samṛddha

samṛddha - prosperous, flourishing, rich, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

from sam + ṛdh (to prosper) + kta suffix

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with rājyam.

द्यूते (dyūte) - in the game of dice, at gambling

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - game of dice, gambling

Root: dyut (class 1)

हृतम् (hṛtam) - taken away, stolen, seized

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hṛta

hṛta - taken away, stolen, seized, carried off

Past Passive Participle

from root hṛ (to seize, take) + kta suffix

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājyam.

पाण्डव-मुख्य (pāṇḍava-mukhya) - O chief of the Pandavas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava-mukhya

pāṇḍava-mukhya - chief of the Pandavas

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍava+mukhya)

• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  noun (masculine)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule