महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-8

क्रोधः कामो लोभमोहौ विवित्साकृपासूया मानशोकौ स्पृहा च ।
ईर्ष्या जुगुप्सा च मनुष्यदोषा वर्ज्याः सदा द्वादशैते नरेण ॥८॥

8. krodhaḥ kāmo lobhamohau vivitsā;kṛpāsūyā mānaśokau spṛhā ca ,
īrṣyā jugupsā ca manuṣyadoṣā; varjyāḥ sadā dvādaśaite nareṇa.

8. krodhaḥ kāmaḥ lobhamohau
vivitsākṛpāsūyā mānaśokau spṛhā ca
| īrṣyā jugupsā ca manuṣyadoṣāḥ
varjyāḥ sadā dvādaśa ete nareṇa

8. Anger (krodha), desire (kāma), greed (lobha), delusion (moha), inquisitiveness (vivitsā), lack of compassion (akṛpā), envy (asūyā), pride (māna), sorrow (śoka), longing (spṛhā), jealousy (īrṣyā), and aversion (jugupsā) — these twelve human faults (doṣa) should always be avoided by a person (nara).

Words meanings summery:

• क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger (krodha), one of the twelve human faults (anger, wrath)

• कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire (kāma), one of the twelve human faults (desire, lust, longing, love)

• लोभमोहौ (lobhamohau) - greed (lobha) and delusion (moha), two of the twelve human faults (greed and delusion)

• विवित्साकृपासूया (vivitsākṛpāsūyā) - inquisitiveness (vivitsā), lack of compassion (akṛpā), and envy (asūyā), three of the twelve human faults (inquisitiveness, lack of compassion, and envy)

• मानशोकौ (mānaśokau) - pride (māna) and sorrow (śoka), two of the twelve human faults (pride and sorrow)

• स्पृहा (spṛhā) - longing (spṛhā), one of the twelve human faults (longing, desire, eager wish, emulation)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) - jealousy (īrṣyā), one of the twelve human faults (jealousy, envy)

• जुगुप्सा (jugupsā) - aversion (jugupsā), one of the twelve human faults (aversion, disgust, detestation, censure)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• मनुष्यदोषाः (manuṣyadoṣāḥ) - human faults

• वर्ज्याः (varjyāḥ) - should always be avoided (to be avoided, renounceable, prohibited)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - these twelve (twelve)

• एते (ete) - these (faults) (these)

• नरेण (nareṇa) - by a person (nara) (by a man, by a person)

Words meanings and morphology

क्रोधः (krodhaḥ) - anger (krodha), one of the twelve human faults (anger, wrath)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, fury

From √krudh (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire (kāma), one of the twelve human faults (desire, lust, longing, love)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, lust, pleasure

From √kam (to desire).

Root: kam (class 1)

लोभमोहौ (lobhamohau) - greed (lobha) and delusion (moha), two of the twelve human faults (greed and delusion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of lobhamoha

lobhamoha - greed and delusion

Dvandva compound of `lobha` and `moha`.

Compound type : dvandva (lobha+moha)

• lobha – greed, avarice, covetousness
  noun (masculine)
  From √lubh (to covet, be greedy).
  Root: lubh (class 4)
• moha – delusion, infatuation, bewilderment
  noun (masculine)
  From √muh (to be bewildered, faint).
  Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Represents two distinct faults, greed and delusion.

विवित्साकृपासूया (vivitsākṛpāsūyā) - inquisitiveness (vivitsā), lack of compassion (akṛpā), and envy (asūyā), three of the twelve human faults (inquisitiveness, lack of compassion, and envy)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vivitsākṛpāsūyā

vivitsākṛpāsūyā - inquisitiveness, lack of compassion, and envy

Dvandva compound of `vivitsā`, `akṛpā`, and `asūyā`.

Compound type : dvandva (vivitsā+akṛpā+asūyā)

• vivitsā – desire to know, inquisitiveness, curiosity
  noun (feminine)
  Desiderative noun from √vid (to know)
  From desiderative stem of √vid, ending in -sā.
  Root: vid (class 2)
• akṛpā – lack of compassion, mercilessness, pitilessness
  noun (feminine)
  Negative compound (na + kṛpā).
  Prefix: a
• asūyā – envy, jealousy, intolerance of another's excellence
  noun (feminine)
  From √sūy (to vex, disturb) with prefix a- (negative/intensive).
  Prefix: a
  Root: sūy (class 10)

Note: Represents three distinct faults.

मानशोकौ (mānaśokau) - pride (māna) and sorrow (śoka), two of the twelve human faults (pride and sorrow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mānaśoka

mānaśoka - pride and sorrow

Dvandva compound of `māna` and `śoka`.

Compound type : dvandva (māna+śoka)

• māna – pride, self-esteem, arrogance, respect
  noun (masculine)
  From √man (to think, believe).
  Root: man (class 4)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress
  noun (masculine)
  From √śuc (to grieve, lament).
  Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Represents two distinct faults, pride and sorrow.

स्पृहा (spṛhā) - longing (spṛhā), one of the twelve human faults (longing, desire, eager wish, emulation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of spṛhā

spṛhā - longing, desire, eager wish, emulation

From √spṛh (to desire, long for).

Root: spṛh (class 10)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `spṛhā` with the preceding list.

ईर्ष्या (īrṣyā) - jealousy (īrṣyā), one of the twelve human faults (jealousy, envy)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of īrṣyā

īrṣyā - jealousy, envy, ill-will

From √īrṣ (to envy).

Root: īrṣ (class 10)

जुगुप्सा (jugupsā) - aversion (jugupsā), one of the twelve human faults (aversion, disgust, detestation, censure)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jugupsā

jugupsā - aversion, disgust, detestation, censure

Desiderative noun from √gup (to protect), but used in sense of 'desire to hide from' = 'detest'.

Desiderative of √gup (to protect/hide), later meaning detestation.

Root: gup (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects `īrṣyā` and `jugupsā`.

मनुष्यदोषाः (manuṣyadoṣāḥ) - human faults

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manuṣyadoṣa

manuṣyadoṣa - human fault, defect of mankind

Tatpurusha compound: `manuṣya` (human) + `doṣa` (fault).

Compound type : tatpurusha (manuṣya+doṣa)

• manuṣya – human, man, mankind
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from `manu`.
• doṣa – fault, defect, vice, sin
  noun (masculine)
  From √duṣ (to be bad, corrupt).
  Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative.

वर्ज्याः (varjyāḥ) - should always be avoided (to be avoided, renounceable, prohibited)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varjya

varjya - to be avoided, to be shunned, prohibited, renounceable

Gerundive (Karmaṇi Kṛtya)

From √vṛj (to avoid, abandon) + `ya` suffix.

Root: vṛj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `ete` (these faults).

सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly, perpetually)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Modifies `varjyāḥ`.

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - these twelve (twelve)

(numeral adjective)

Note: Adjective to `ete`.

एते (ete) - these (faults) (these)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.

नरेण (nareṇa) - by a person (nara) (by a man, by a person)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

Root: nṛ

Note: Indicates the agent of the action `varjyāḥ` (to be avoided).