महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-18

श्रेयांस्तु षड्विधस्त्यागः प्रियं प्राप्य न हृष्यति ।
अप्रिये तु समुत्पन्ने व्यथां जातु न चार्च्छति ॥१८॥

18. śreyāṁstu ṣaḍvidhastyāgaḥ priyaṁ prāpya na hṛṣyati ,
apriye tu samutpanne vyathāṁ jātu na cārcchati.

18. śreyān tu ṣaḍvidhaḥ tyāgaḥ priyam prāpya na hṛṣyati
apriye tu samutpanne vyathām jātu na ca ārcchati

18. Superior is the sixfold renunciation (tyāga): one who practices it does not rejoice upon obtaining what is pleasant, nor does one ever experience distress when an unpleasant situation arises.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रेयान् (śreyān) - better, superior, more excellent, blessed, good

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• षड्विधः (ṣaḍvidhaḥ) - of six kinds, sixfold

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment, relinquishment, renunciation, sacrifice

• प्रियम् (priyam) - a pleasant thing (dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable thing)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

• न (na) - not, no

• हृष्यति (hṛṣyati) - rejoices, is glad, becomes excited

• अप्रिये (apriye) - in an unpleasant situation (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked (thing/circumstance))

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• समुत्पन्ने (samutpanne) - when it has arisen (referring to apriye) (having arisen, having occurred, having been produced)

• व्यथाम् (vyathām) - distress, pain, agitation, suffering

• जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time, by any means, certainly

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• आर्च्छति (ārcchati) - obtains, suffers, experiences, undergoes

Words meanings and morphology

श्रेयान् (śreyān) - better, superior, more excellent, blessed, good

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreyas

śreyas - better, superior, more excellent, blessed, good fortune, virtue

Comparative form of śrī (good fortune, prosperity)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

षड्विधः (ṣaḍvidhaḥ) - of six kinds, sixfold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣaḍvidha

ṣaḍvidha - of six kinds, sixfold

Compound: ṣaṣ (six) + vidha (kind)

Compound type : dvigu (ṣaṣ+vidha)

• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (masculine)

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment, relinquishment, renunciation, sacrifice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, relinquishment, renunciation (tyāga), sacrifice

Derived from √tyaj (to abandon) + ghañ suffix

Root: tyaj (class 1)

प्रियम् (priyam) - a pleasant thing (dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable thing)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having attained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Preverb pra + √āp (to obtain) + -ya suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हृष्यति (hṛṣyati) - rejoices, is glad, becomes excited

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of hṛṣ

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

अप्रिये (apriye) - in an unpleasant situation (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked (thing/circumstance))

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, enemy

Compound: a (negation) + priya (pleasant)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, negation
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

समुत्पन्ने (samutpanne) - when it has arisen (referring to apriye) (having arisen, having occurred, having been produced)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of samutpanna

samutpanna - arisen, produced, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Preverbs sam + ut + √pad (to go, to arise) + kta suffix

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: pad (class 4)

व्यथाम् (vyathām) - distress, pain, agitation, suffering

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyathā

vyathā - distress, pain, agitation, suffering

Derived from √vyath (to be agitated)

Root: vyath (class 1)

जातु (jātu) - ever, at any time, by any means, certainly

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

आर्च्छति (ārcchati) - obtains, suffers, experiences, undergoes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ṛcch

Root: ṛcch (class 6)