महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-24

द्विवेदाश्चैकवेदाश्च अनृचश्च तथापरे ।
तेषां तु कतमः स स्याद्यमहं वेद ब्राह्मणम् ॥२४॥

24. dvivedāścaikavedāśca anṛcaśca tathāpare ,
teṣāṁ tu katamaḥ sa syādyamahaṁ veda brāhmaṇam.

24. dvivedāḥ ca ekavedāḥ ca anṛcaḥ ca tathā apare |
teṣām tu katamaḥ sa syāt yam aham veda brāhmaṇam

24. There are also 'two-Veda' scholars and 'one-Veda' scholars, and similarly, others are 'Anṛc' (those without R̥g Veda knowledge). Among these, who among them would be the one whom I consider a true Brahmin?

Words meanings summery:

• द्विवेदाः (dvivedāḥ) - those who know two Vedas, two-Veda scholars

• च (ca) - and

• एकवेदाः (ekavedāḥ) - those who know one Veda, one-Veda scholars

• च (ca) - and

• अनृचः (anṛcaḥ) - those without R̥c (R̥g Veda), non-R̥g Vedic

• च (ca) - and

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• अपरे (apare) - others, still others

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• कतमः (katamaḥ) - which one (among many), who

• स (sa) - he, that one

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

• यम् (yam) - whom

• अहम् (aham) - I

• वेद (veda) - I know, I recognize

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin

Words meanings and morphology

द्विवेदाः (dvivedāḥ) - those who know two Vedas, two-Veda scholars

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dviveda

dviveda - possessing or knowing two Vedas

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+veda)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to scholars.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'dvivedāḥ' and 'ekavedāḥ'.

एकवेदाः (ekavedāḥ) - those who know one Veda, one-Veda scholars

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ekaveda

ekaveda - possessing or knowing one Veda

Compound type : bahuvrihi (eka+veda)

• eka – one, single
  numeral
• veda – Veda, sacred knowledge
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to scholars.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'ekavedāḥ' and 'anṛcaḥ'.

अनृचः (anṛcaḥ) - those without R̥c (R̥g Veda), non-R̥g Vedic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anṛc

anṛc - one who does not possess R̥c (Vedic hymns), ignorant of the R̥g Veda

Compound type : bahuvrihi (an+ṛc)

• an – not, without
  indeclinable
  Privative prefix
• ṛc – Vedic hymn, verse (especially from R̥g Veda)
  noun (feminine)

Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to people.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'anṛcaḥ' and 'apare'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces 'apare'.

अपरे (apare) - others, still others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of apara

apara - other, another, posterior, lower

Note: Subject of an implied verb (e.g., 'exist').

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, among them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Possessive or partitive genitive.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks a contrast or emphasis.

कतमः (katamaḥ) - which one (among many), who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of katama

katama - which (of many), who

Superlative of kim (who/what)

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

स (sa) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to the 'Brahmin'.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative, 3rd Person Singular

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses potentiality or desire.

यम् (yam) - whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Object of 'veda'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Subject of 'veda'.

वेद (veda) - I know, I recognize

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Indicative, 1st Person Singular (ātmanepada form used in parasmaipada meaning)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Form can also be interpreted as 3rd person singular perfect of √vac, but context here is 'I know'.

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin (member of the priestly class), relating to Brahman

Derivative of brahman

Note: Object of 'veda'.