महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
ऋचो यजूंष्यधीते यः सामवेदं च यो द्विजः ।
पापानि कुर्वन्पापेन लिप्यते न स लिप्यते ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
ṛco yajūṁṣyadhīte yaḥ sāmavedaṁ ca yo dvijaḥ ,
pāpāni kurvanpāpena lipyate na sa lipyate.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca ṛcaḥ yajūṃṣi adhīte yaḥ sāmavedam ca
yaḥ dvijaḥ pāpāni kurvan pāpena lipyate na saḥ lipyate

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: That twice-born (dvija) who studies the Ṛg Veda, Yajur Veda, and Sāma Veda, but performs sinful deeds, is indeed stained by sin (pāpa); he is not free from its effects.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• ऋचः (ṛcaḥ) - Ṛg Veda (represented by its verses) (Vedic hymns, verses of the Ṛg Veda)

• यजूंषि (yajūṁṣi) - Yajur Veda (represented by its formulas) (sacrificial formulas, the Yajur Veda)

• अधीते (adhīte) - he studies, he learns

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who, whoever)

• सामवेदम् (sāmavedam) - the Sāma Veda

• च (ca) - and, also

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who, whoever)

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija), referring to a Brahmin (a twice-born, a Brahmin, a bird)

• पापानि (pāpāni) - sins, evil deeds

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - performing (doing, performing, making)

• पापेन (pāpena) - by sin (pāpa) (by sin, with sin)

• लिप्यते (lipyate) - is stained (he is stained, he is smeared, he is defiled)

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• लिप्यते (lipyate) - is stained / free from effects (he is stained, he is smeared, he is defiled)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king in the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Root: vac (class 2)

ऋचः (ṛcaḥ) - Ṛg Veda (represented by its verses) (Vedic hymns, verses of the Ṛg Veda)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of ṛc

ṛc - Vedic hymn, verse, praise, the Ṛg Veda

यजूंषि (yajūṁṣi) - Yajur Veda (represented by its formulas) (sacrificial formulas, the Yajur Veda)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of yajus

yajus - sacrificial formula, prose text of the Yajur Veda

Root: yaj (class 1)

अधीते (adhīte) - he studies, he learns

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of adhī

Present Tense

Root i (to go) with prefix adhi-

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, he who

सामवेदम् (sāmavedam) - the Sāma Veda

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāmaveda

sāmaveda - the Sāma Veda (Veda of chants)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, he who

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - a twice-born (dvija), referring to a Brahmin (a twice-born, a Brahmin, a bird)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya after initiation), a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agentive suffix / adjective derived from jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

पापानि (pāpāni) - sins, evil deeds

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness, vice, bad action

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - performing (doing, performing, making)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform, to act

Present Active Participle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पापेन (pāpena) - by sin (pāpa) (by sin, with sin)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness, vice, bad action

लिप्यते (lipyate) - is stained (he is stained, he is smeared, he is defiled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of lip

Present Tense

Root: lip (class 6)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

लिप्यते (lipyate) - is stained / free from effects (he is stained, he is smeared, he is defiled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of lip

Present Tense

Root: lip (class 6)