महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-7

सनत्सुजात उवाच ।
क्रोधादयो द्वादश यस्य दोषास्तथा नृशंसादि षडत्र राजन् ।
धर्मादयो द्वादश चाततानाः शास्त्रे गुणा ये विदिता द्विजानाम् ॥७॥

7. sanatsujāta uvāca ,
krodhādayo dvādaśa yasya doṣā;stathā nṛśaṁsādi ṣaḍatra rājan ,
dharmādayo dvādaśa cātatānāḥ; śāstre guṇā ye viditā dvijānām.

7. sanatsujāta uvāca | krodhādayaḥ dvādaśa
yasya doṣāḥ tathā nṛśaṃsādi ṣaṭ atra
rājan | dharmādayaḥ dvādaśa ca
ātatanāḥ śāstre guṇāḥ ye viditāḥ dvijānām

7. Sanatsujāta said: O King, there are twelve faults (doṣa) like anger (krodha) and others, and six (faults) like cruelty (nṛśaṃsa) and others, which belong to a person. Similarly, there are twelve virtues (guṇa) like righteousness (dharma) and others, which are clearly established (ātatanāḥ) in the scriptures and are known to the twice-born (dvija).

Words meanings summery:

• सनत्सुजात (sanatsujāta) - Sanatsujata

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्रोधादयः (krodhādayaḥ) - twelve faults like anger (anger and others, beginning with anger)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to a person) (whose, of whom, to whom)

• दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults (faults, defects, evils)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, and also (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

• नृशंसादि (nṛśaṁsādi) - six faults like cruelty (cruelty and others)

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

• अत्र (atra) - in this context, here (here, in this matter, in this world)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative) (king, ruler)

• धर्मादयः (dharmādayaḥ) - virtues like righteousness (dharma) (righteousness and others, beginning with righteousness)

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• आततनाः (ātatanāḥ) - clearly established (extended, spread, stretched, firmly established)

• शास्त्रे (śāstre) - in the scriptures (in scripture, in doctrine)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - virtues (virtues, qualities, attributes, merits)

• ये (ye) - which (who, which (plural))

• विदिताः (viditāḥ) - known (known, understood, manifest)

• द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - to the twice-born (dvija) (Brahmins) (of the twice-born, of Brahmins, of birds)

Words meanings and morphology

सनत्सुजात (sanatsujāta) - Sanatsujata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanatsujāta

sanatsujāta - Sanatsujāta (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

Irregular perfect form from √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

क्रोधादयः (krodhādayaḥ) - twelve faults like anger (anger and others, beginning with anger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krodhādi

krodhādi - anger and the rest, beginning with anger

Compound type : tatpurusha (krodha+ādi)

• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  From √krudh (to be angry).
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• ādi – beginning, start, and so on, etc.
  noun (masculine)
  From √ād (to eat, take) or √i (to go) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to "anger and others".

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral adjective)

Note: Adjective to `doṣāḥ`.

यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to a person) (whose, of whom, to whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `nṛ`.

दोषाः (doṣāḥ) - faults (faults, defects, evils)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, sin, error, vice

From √duṣ (to be bad, corrupt).

Root: duṣ (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, and also (thus, so, in that manner, similarly)

(indeclinable)

नृशंसादि (nṛśaṁsādi) - six faults like cruelty (cruelty and others)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsādi

nṛśaṁsādi - beginning with cruelty, cruelty and the like

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛśaṃsa+ādi)

• nṛśaṃsa – cruel, wicked, inhuman, malevolent
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From `nṛ` (man) and `śaṃsa` (praise/curse). Possibly originally 'harmful to men'.
• ādi – beginning, start, and so on, etc.
  noun (masculine)
  From √ād (to eat, take) or √i (to go) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Appears to be singular in form but implying a group.

षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

(numeral adjective)

Note: Adjective to implied "doṣa".

अत्र (atra) - in this context, here (here, in this matter, in this world)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal stem `a-`.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

N-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Dhṛtarāṣṭra is addressed as King.

धर्मादयः (dharmādayaḥ) - virtues like righteousness (dharma) (righteousness and others, beginning with righteousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmādi

dharmādi - beginning with righteousness, righteousness and the rest

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+ādi)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to support, uphold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• ādi – beginning, start, and so on, etc.
  noun (masculine)
  From √ād (to eat, take) or √i (to go) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Refers to "righteousness and others".

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral adjective)

Note: Adjective to `guṇāḥ`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

आततनाः (ātatanāḥ) - clearly established (extended, spread, stretched, firmly established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ātatanā

ātatanā - extended, stretched out, spread, established, manifest

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `ā-` and root `√tan` (to stretch, extend).

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

शास्त्रे (śāstre) - in the scriptures (in scripture, in doctrine)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śāstra

śāstra - scripture, sacred book, treatise, doctrine, rule

From √śās (to teach, instruct).

Root: śās (class 2)

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - virtues (virtues, qualities, attributes, merits)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, attribute, merit, strand, secondary aspect

Note: Subject of the sentence.

ये (ye) - which (who, which (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

विदिताः (viditāḥ) - known (known, understood, manifest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidita

vidita - known, understood, learned, ascertained

Past Passive Participle

From √vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

द्विजानाम् (dvijānām) - to the twice-born (dvija) (Brahmins) (of the twice-born, of Brahmins, of birds)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth

Compound `dvi` (twice) + `ja` (born).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Agent noun from √jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Implies "known to the dvijas" or "of the dvijas".