महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-20

त्यक्तैर्द्रव्यैर्यो भवति नोपयुङ्क्ते च कामतः ।
न च कर्मसु तद्धीनः शिष्यबुद्धिर्नरो यथा ।
सर्वैरेव गुणैर्युक्तो द्रव्यवानपि यो भवेत् ॥२०॥

20. tyaktairdravyairyo bhavati nopayuṅkte ca kāmataḥ ,
na ca karmasu taddhīnaḥ śiṣyabuddhirnaro yathā ,
sarvaireva guṇairyukto dravyavānapi yo bhavet.

20. tyaktaiḥ dravyaiḥ yaḥ bhavati na upayunkte
ca kāmataḥ na ca karmasu taddhīnaḥ
śiṣyabuddhiḥ naraḥ yathā sarvaiḥ eva
guṇaiḥ yuktaḥ dravyavān api yaḥ bhavet

20. He who, though possessing wealth (dravya), behaves as if his possessions are renounced, and does not enjoy them driven by desire (kāma), nor is he dependent on them in his actions (karma); such a man, who possesses the intellect of a disciple (śiṣya-buddhi), is indeed endowed with all qualities (guṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• त्यक्तैः (tyaktaiḥ) - as if his possessions are renounced (by those abandoned, by those renounced, by those given up)

• द्रव्यैः (dravyaiḥ) - by possessions, by wealth, by things

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• भवति (bhavati) - is, exists, becomes

• न (na) - not, no

• उपयुङ्क्ते (upayuṅkte) - uses, enjoys, employs

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• कामतः (kāmataḥ) - willfully, out of desire, for pleasure, passionately

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions (karma), in deeds, in duties

• तद्धीनः (taddhīnaḥ) - not dependent on them (possessions/desires) (dependent on that, deficient in that)

• शिष्यबुद्धिः (śiṣyabuddhiḥ) - having the intellect of a disciple, having a student's mind

• नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities (guṇa), by virtues, by attributes

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, connected with, joined, proper

• द्रव्यवान् (dravyavān) - wealthy, possessing wealth/substance

• अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

Words meanings and morphology

त्यक्तैः (tyaktaiḥ) - as if his possessions are renounced (by those abandoned, by those renounced, by those given up)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tyakta

tyakta - abandoned, renounced, given up, left

Past Passive Participle

From √tyaj (to abandon) + kta suffix

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dravyaiḥ. Describes the state of the possessions.

द्रव्यैः (dravyaiḥ) - by possessions, by wealth, by things

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dravya

dravya - substance, thing, wealth, property, money

Derived from dru (tree, wood, substance)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

भवति (bhavati) - is, exists, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उपयुङ्क्ते (upayuṅkte) - uses, enjoys, employs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of yuj

Prefix: upa

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: From upa + √yuj.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

कामतः (kāmataḥ) - willfully, out of desire, for pleasure, passionately

(indeclinable)

From kāma (desire) + tasil suffix (indicating 'from' or 'by means of')

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions (karma), in deeds, in duties

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action (karma), deed, work, duty, religious rite

From √kṛ (to do, to make) + manin suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तद्धीनः (taddhīnaḥ) - not dependent on them (possessions/desires) (dependent on that, deficient in that)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of taddhīna

taddhīna - dependent on that, deficient in that, inferior to that

Compound: tad (that) + hīna (deficient/dependent)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tad+hīna)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• hīna – deficient, devoid of, dependent, inferior, abandoned
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √hā (to abandon, to leave)
  Root: hā (class 3)

शिष्यबुद्धिः (śiṣyabuddhiḥ) - having the intellect of a disciple, having a student's mind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śiṣyabuddhi

śiṣyabuddhi - having the intellect of a disciple, having a student's mind

Compound: śiṣya (disciple) + buddhi (intellect)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śiṣya+buddhi)

• śiṣya – disciple, student
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From √śās (to teach) + ya suffix
  Root: śās (class 2)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  From √budh (to know)
  Root: budh (class 1)

नरः (naraḥ) - man, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, male

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, like

(indeclinable)

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with guṇaiḥ.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, just

(indeclinable)

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities (guṇa), by virtues, by attributes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality (guṇa), virtue, attribute, property

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - endowed with, connected with, joined, proper

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, united, endowed with, proper, appropriate

Past Passive Participle

From √yuj (to join, to yoke) + kta suffix

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with yaḥ and dravyavān.

द्रव्यवान् (dravyavān) - wealthy, possessing wealth/substance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dravyavat

dravyavat - wealthy, possessing substance/wealth, substantial

From dravya (wealth) + matup suffix (possessive)

अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be, may be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)