महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-25

सनत्सुजात उवाच ।
एकस्य वेदस्याज्ञानाद्वेदास्ते बहवोऽभवन् ।
सत्यस्यैकस्य राजेन्द्र सत्ये कश्चिदवस्थितः ।
एवं वेदमनुत्साद्य प्रज्ञां महति कुर्वते ॥२५॥

25. sanatsujāta uvāca ,
ekasya vedasyājñānādvedāste bahavo'bhavan ,
satyasyaikasya rājendra satye kaścidavasthitaḥ ,
evaṁ vedamanutsādya prajñāṁ mahati kurvate.

25. sanatsujāta uvāca | ekasya vedasya ajñānāt
vedāḥ te bahavaḥ abhavan | satyasya ekasya
rājendra satye kaścid avasthitaḥ | evam
vedam anutsādya prajñām mahati kurvate

25. Sanatsujāta said: Due to ignorance of the one (true) Veda, those (other) Vedas became many. O king (rājendra), only one is established in the truth (satya) of the singular (satya). Thus, without destroying the (true) Veda (knowledge), they acquire great understanding (prajñā).

Words meanings summery:

• सनत्सुजात (sanatsujāta) - Sanatsujata

• उवाच (uvāca) - said

• एकस्य (ekasya) - of the one

• वेदस्य (vedasya) - of the singular, essential Veda or true knowledge (of the Veda (knowledge))

• अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to ignorance, from ignorance

• वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the multiple divisions of the Vedas as opposed to the single essential Veda (Vedas, sacred texts)

• ते (te) - those

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became

• सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of the one truth (satya) (of the truth, of reality)

• एकस्य (ekasya) - of the one, of the unique

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king

• सत्ये (satye) - in truth, in reality

• कश्चिद् (kaścid) - someone, anyone, a certain one

• अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - situated, standing, established

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• वेदम् (vedam) - the singular, essential Veda or true knowledge (the Veda (knowledge))

• अनुत्साद्य (anutsādya) - without destroying, without uprooting

• प्रज्ञाम् (prajñām) - great understanding (prajñā) (understanding, wisdom, knowledge)

• महति (mahati) - great, large, important

• कुर्वते (kurvate) - they make, they do, they acquire

Words meanings and morphology

सनत्सुजात (sanatsujāta) - Sanatsujata

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sanatsujāta

sanatsujāta - Sanatsujāta (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Indicative, 3rd Person Singular

Root: vac (class 2)

एकस्य (ekasya) - of the one

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'vedasya'.

वेदस्य (vedasya) - of the singular, essential Veda or true knowledge (of the Veda (knowledge))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, true knowledge

From √vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Possessive genitive with 'ajñānāt'.

अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to ignorance, from ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience

From 'a-' (privative prefix) and 'jñāna' (knowledge)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+jñāna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Privative prefix
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  From √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Denotes cause.

वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the multiple divisions of the Vedas as opposed to the single essential Veda (Vedas, sacred texts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, scripture

From √vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'abhavan'.

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the 'bahavaḥ vedāḥ'.

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much, numerous

Note: Modifies 'vedāḥ'.

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Indicative, 3rd Person Plural

Root: bhū (class 1)

सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of the one truth (satya) (of the truth, of reality)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real

From sat (being, existence)

Note: Possessive genitive with 'ekasya'.

एकस्य (ekasya) - of the one, of the unique

(numeral)

Note: Modifies 'satyasya'.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, great king, paramount sovereign

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

सत्ये (satye) - in truth, in reality

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true, real

From sat (being, existence)

Note: Location or state of being.

कश्चिद् (kaścid) - someone, anyone, a certain one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - someone, anyone, a certain one

Combination of kim (interrogative pronoun) and cit (indeclinable particle)

Note: Subject of 'avasthitaḥ'.

अवस्थितः (avasthitaḥ) - situated, standing, established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - situated, standing, established, present

Past Passive Participle

From √sthā (to stand) with prefix ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective with implied 'is'.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of manner.

वेदम् (vedam) - the singular, essential Veda or true knowledge (the Veda (knowledge))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge, true knowledge

From √vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Object of 'anutsādya'.

अनुत्साद्य (anutsādya) - without destroying, without uprooting

(indeclinable)

Gerund (absolutive) with negative prefix

From √sad (to sit, perish) with prefixes ut- (up) and negative an-

Compound type : tatpurusha (an+utsādya)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Privative prefix
• utsādya – having destroyed, having uprooted
  indeclinable participle
  Gerund (absolutive)
  From √sad (to sit, perish) with prefix ut-
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Functions as an adverbial clause.

प्रज्ञाम् (prajñām) - great understanding (prajñā) (understanding, wisdom, knowledge)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, intelligence, understanding, knowledge

From √jñā (to know) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'kurvate'.

महति (mahati) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, extensive

Note: Modifies 'prajñām'.

कुर्वते (kurvate) - they make, they do, they acquire

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Indicative, 3rd Person Plural, Middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The implied subject is 'they' (referring to those who are 'avasthitaḥ').