महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-15

दमोऽष्टादशदोषः स्यात्प्रतिकूलं कृताकृते ।
अनृतं चाभ्यसूया च कामार्थौ च तथा स्पृहा ॥१५॥

15. damo'ṣṭādaśadoṣaḥ syātpratikūlaṁ kṛtākṛte ,
anṛtaṁ cābhyasūyā ca kāmārthau ca tathā spṛhā.

15. damaḥ aṣṭādaśadoṣaḥ syāt pratikūlam kṛtākṛte
anṛtam ca abhyasūyā ca kāmārthau ca tathā spṛhā

15. Self-restraint (dama) is characterized by its opposition to eighteen faults. It is averse to the realm of actions and inactions (kṛtākṛte), untruth, envy (abhyasūyā), desire (kāma) and material gain (artha), and also craving (spṛhā).

Words meanings summery:

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint, control, self-mastery

• अष्टादशदोषः (aṣṭādaśadoṣaḥ) - characterized by opposition to eighteen faults/defects (having eighteen faults/defects, related to eighteen defects)

• स्यात् (syāt) - is, defines (may be, should be, is)

• प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - adverse to, opposing (adverse, contrary, opposing, unfavorable)

• कृताकृते (kṛtākṛte) - actions and inactions (done and not done, actions and inactions, performed and unperformed)

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth (untruth, falsehood, lie)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अभ्यसूया (abhyasūyā) - envy (abhyasūyā) (envy, jealousy, malice, detraction)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• कामार्थौ (kāmārthau) - desire (kāma) and material gain (artha) (desire and wealth/purpose)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• तथा (tathā) - and also, similarly (thus, so, similarly)

• स्पृहा (spṛhā) - craving (spṛhā) (longing, desire, craving, eagerness)

Words meanings and morphology

दमः (damaḥ) - self-restraint, control, self-mastery

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-restraint, control, subjugation

From root `dam` (to tame, subdue)

Root: dam (class 4)

अष्टादशदोषः (aṣṭādaśadoṣaḥ) - characterized by opposition to eighteen faults/defects (having eighteen faults/defects, related to eighteen defects)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭādaśadoṣa

aṣṭādaśadoṣa - having eighteen faults/defects

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aṣṭādaśa+doṣa)

• aṣṭādaśa – eighteen
  numeral
• doṣa – fault, defect, vice
  noun (masculine)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `damaḥ`.

स्यात् (syāt) - is, defines (may be, should be, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of as

Optative mood, Active voice, 3rd person singular

Root: as (class 2)

प्रतिकूलम् (pratikūlam) - adverse to, opposing (adverse, contrary, opposing, unfavorable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratikūla

pratikūla - adverse, contrary, opposing, unfavorable

`prati` + `kūla` (favorable). `prati` indicates opposition.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (prati+kūla)

• prati – against, towards, in return
  indeclinable
• kūla – bank, shore; favorable, agreeable
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the state or nature of the faults being listed.

कृताकृते (kṛtākṛte) - actions and inactions (done and not done, actions and inactions, performed and unperformed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of kṛtākṛta

kṛtākṛta - done and not done, performed and unperformed, a mixture of good and bad

Dvandva compound of two past passive participles

`kṛta` (done) and `akṛta` (not done)

Compound type : dvandva (kṛta+akṛta)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `kṛ`
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• akṛta – not done, unperformed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Negation (`a-`) of `kṛta`
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth (untruth, falsehood, lie)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood; untrue, false

Negation (`a-`) of `ṛta` (truth, cosmic order)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• ṛta – truth, cosmic order, right
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अभ्यसूया (abhyasūyā) - envy (abhyasūyā) (envy, jealousy, malice, detraction)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of abhyasūyā

abhyasūyā - envy, jealousy, malice, detraction

From `abhi` + root `su` (to blame) + `ya` suffix.

Prefix: abhi

Root: sūy (class 10)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

कामार्थौ (kāmārthau) - desire (kāma) and material gain (artha) (desire and wealth/purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kāmārtha

kāmārtha - desire and wealth, desire and purpose

Dvandva compound of `kāma` and `artha`.

Compound type : dvandva (kāma+artha)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, sensual pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, material gain
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛdh (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - and also, similarly (thus, so, similarly)

(indeclinable)

स्पृहा (spṛhā) - craving (spṛhā) (longing, desire, craving, eagerness)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of spṛhā

spṛhā - longing, desire, craving, eagerness

From root `spṛh` (to long for).

Root: spṛh (class 10)