महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-10

विकत्थनः स्पृहयालुर्मनस्वी बिभ्रत्कोपं चपलोऽरक्षणश्च ।
एते प्राप्ताः षण्नरान्पापधर्मान्प्रकुर्वते नोत सन्तः सुदुर्गे ॥१०॥

10. vikatthanaḥ spṛhayālurmanasvī; bibhratkopaṁ capalo'rakṣaṇaśca ,
ete prāptāḥ ṣaṇnarānpāpadharmā;nprakurvate nota santaḥ sudurge.

10. vikatthanaḥ spṛhayāluḥ manasvī
bibhrat kopam capalaḥ arakṣaṇaḥ ca
| ete prāptāḥ ṣaṭ narān pāpadharmān
prakurvate na uta santaḥ sudurge

10. A boastful person, one who is envious, a proud individual, someone harboring anger, a fickle person, and one who offers no protection – these six qualities, when present in men, lead to sinful actions (pāpadharma) and are not found among good people, even in the most difficult circumstances.

10. המתפאר, החומד, היהיר, הנושא בלבו כעס, הקל דעת, ומי שאינו מגן על אחרים - ששת אלה מגיעים ומביאים אנשים להתנהג בדרכי חטא, ואילו הטובים אינם נופלים בכך גם בקושי רב.

Words meanings summery:

• विकत्थनः (vikatthanaḥ) - boastful, swaggering, bragging

• स्पृहयालुः (spṛhayāluḥ) - envious, covetous, longing

• मनस्वी (manasvī) - In this context, implies self-conceited or proud in a negative sense. (proud, high-minded, thoughtful)

• बिभ्रत् (bibhrat) - harboring (anger) (bearing, carrying, supporting, harboring)

• कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath, fury

• चपलः (capalaḥ) - fickle, unsteady, restless, swift

• अरक्षणः (arakṣaṇaḥ) - one who offers no protection (to others) (one who does not protect, unprotected)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एते (ete) - these

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - having been acquired (by men) (obtained, acquired, reached)

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

• नरान् (narān) - men, human beings

• पापधर्मान् (pāpadharmān) - actions that go against natural law (dharma) (sinful actions, evil deeds, qualities leading to sin)

• प्रकुर्वते (prakurvate) - they lead to, they perform (they do, they perform, they cause)

• न (na) - not

• उत (uta) - even (and, or, even)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people (good people, virtuous people, existing ones)

• सुदुर्गे (sudurge) - even in the most difficult circumstances (in a very difficult place/situation)

Words meanings and morphology

विकत्थनः (vikatthanaḥ) - boastful, swaggering, bragging

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikatthana

vikatthana - boastful, swaggering, bragging

derived from `vi-katth` (to boast) + `ana` (agent suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: katth (class 1)

स्पृहयालुः (spṛhayāluḥ) - envious, covetous, longing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of spṛhayālu

spṛhayālu - envious, covetous, longing

derived from `spṛh` (to desire) + `ālu` (suffix indicating tendency)

Root: spṛh (class 10)

मनस्वी (manasvī) - In this context, implies self-conceited or proud in a negative sense. (proud, high-minded, thoughtful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manasvin

manasvin - proud, high-minded, thoughtful, intelligent

from `manas` (mind) + `vin` (possessive suffix)

बिभ्रत् (bibhrat) - harboring (anger) (bearing, carrying, supporting, harboring)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bibhrat

bibhrat - bearing, carrying, supporting

Present Active Participle

from root `bhṛ` (to bear) + `śatṛ` suffix, reduplicated

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath, fury

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury

from root `kup` (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

चपलः (capalaḥ) - fickle, unsteady, restless, swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of capala

capala - fickle, unsteady, restless, swift

Root: cap (class 1)

अरक्षणः (arakṣaṇaḥ) - one who offers no protection (to others) (one who does not protect, unprotected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arakṣaṇa

arakṣaṇa - not protecting, unprotected

negative particle `a` + noun `rakṣaṇa` (protecting)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rakṣaṇa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• rakṣaṇa – protecting, guarding
  noun (neuter)
  from root rakṣ (to protect)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - having been acquired (by men) (obtained, acquired, reached)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, acquired, reached

Past Passive Participle

from `pra-āp` (to obtain)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

(numeral)

नरान् (narān) - men, human beings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person

Root: nṛ

पापधर्मान् (pāpadharmān) - actions that go against natural law (dharma) (sinful actions, evil deeds, qualities leading to sin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāpadharma

pāpadharma - sinful action, unrighteous conduct, evil nature

`pāpa` (sin) + `dharma` (conduct, law)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+dharma)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  adjective (neuter)
• dharma – righteous conduct, duty, law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  from root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्रकुर्वते (prakurvate) - they lead to, they perform (they do, they perform, they cause)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The middle voice here suggests that the action is for the benefit of the subject, or simply a common usage for this verb in certain contexts.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

उत (uta) - even (and, or, even)

(indeclinable)

particle

सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people (good people, virtuous people, existing ones)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - existing, good, virtuous, real

Present Active Participle

from root `as` (to be) + `śatṛ` suffix

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here as a substantive (noun).

सुदुर्गे (sudurge) - even in the most difficult circumstances (in a very difficult place/situation)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sudurga

sudurga - very difficult to access, very dangerous, great difficulty

`su` (good/intensive) + `durga` (difficult place)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+durga)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix for intensification or goodness
• durga – difficult place, fortress, difficulty
  noun (masculine)
  from dur-gam (difficult to go)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: gam (class 1)

Previous Verse Next Verse