महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-10

विकत्थनः स्पृहयालुर्मनस्वी बिभ्रत्कोपं चपलोऽरक्षणश्च ।
एते प्राप्ताः षण्नरान्पापधर्मान्प्रकुर्वते नोत सन्तः सुदुर्गे ॥१०॥

10. vikatthanaḥ spṛhayālurmanasvī; bibhratkopaṁ capalo'rakṣaṇaśca ,
ete prāptāḥ ṣaṇnarānpāpadharmā;nprakurvate nota santaḥ sudurge.

10. vikatthanaḥ spṛhayāluḥ manasvī
bibhrat kopam capalaḥ arakṣaṇaḥ ca
| ete prāptāḥ ṣaṭ narān pāpadharmān
prakurvate na uta santaḥ sudurge

10. A boastful person, one who is envious, a proud individual, someone harboring anger, a fickle person, and one who offers no protection – these six qualities, when present in men, lead to sinful actions (pāpadharma) and are not found among good people, even in the most difficult circumstances.

Words meanings summery:

• विकत्थनः (vikatthanaḥ) - boastful, swaggering, bragging

• स्पृहयालुः (spṛhayāluḥ) - envious, covetous, longing

• मनस्वी (manasvī) - In this context, implies self-conceited or proud in a negative sense. (proud, high-minded, thoughtful)

• बिभ्रत् (bibhrat) - harboring (anger) (bearing, carrying, supporting, harboring)

• कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath, fury

• चपलः (capalaḥ) - fickle, unsteady, restless, swift

• अरक्षणः (arakṣaṇaḥ) - one who offers no protection (to others) (one who does not protect, unprotected)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एते (ete) - these

• प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - having been acquired (by men) (obtained, acquired, reached)

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

• नरान् (narān) - men, human beings

• पापधर्मान् (pāpadharmān) - actions that go against natural law (dharma) (sinful actions, evil deeds, qualities leading to sin)

• प्रकुर्वते (prakurvate) - they lead to, they perform (they do, they perform, they cause)

• न (na) - not

• उत (uta) - even (and, or, even)

• सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people (good people, virtuous people, existing ones)

• सुदुर्गे (sudurge) - even in the most difficult circumstances (in a very difficult place/situation)

Words meanings and morphology

विकत्थनः (vikatthanaḥ) - boastful, swaggering, bragging

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikatthana

vikatthana - boastful, swaggering, bragging

derived from `vi-katth` (to boast) + `ana` (agent suffix)

Prefix: vi

Root: katth (class 1)

स्पृहयालुः (spṛhayāluḥ) - envious, covetous, longing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of spṛhayālu

spṛhayālu - envious, covetous, longing

derived from `spṛh` (to desire) + `ālu` (suffix indicating tendency)

Root: spṛh (class 10)

मनस्वी (manasvī) - In this context, implies self-conceited or proud in a negative sense. (proud, high-minded, thoughtful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manasvin

manasvin - proud, high-minded, thoughtful, intelligent

from `manas` (mind) + `vin` (possessive suffix)

बिभ्रत् (bibhrat) - harboring (anger) (bearing, carrying, supporting, harboring)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bibhrat

bibhrat - bearing, carrying, supporting

Present Active Participle

from root `bhṛ` (to bear) + `śatṛ` suffix, reduplicated

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

कोपम् (kopam) - anger, wrath, fury

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury

from root `kup` (to be angry)

Root: kup (class 4)

चपलः (capalaḥ) - fickle, unsteady, restless, swift

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of capala

capala - fickle, unsteady, restless, swift

Root: cap (class 1)

अरक्षणः (arakṣaṇaḥ) - one who offers no protection (to others) (one who does not protect, unprotected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arakṣaṇa

arakṣaṇa - not protecting, unprotected

negative particle `a` + noun `rakṣaṇa` (protecting)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rakṣaṇa)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• rakṣaṇa – protecting, guarding
  noun (neuter)
  from root rakṣ (to protect)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

प्राप्ताः (prāptāḥ) - having been acquired (by men) (obtained, acquired, reached)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, acquired, reached

Past Passive Participle

from `pra-āp` (to obtain)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

(numeral)

नरान् (narān) - men, human beings

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, person

Root: nṛ

पापधर्मान् (pāpadharmān) - actions that go against natural law (dharma) (sinful actions, evil deeds, qualities leading to sin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāpadharma

pāpadharma - sinful action, unrighteous conduct, evil nature

`pāpa` (sin) + `dharma` (conduct, law)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+dharma)

• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  adjective (neuter)
• dharma – righteous conduct, duty, law, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  from root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्रकुर्वते (prakurvate) - they lead to, they perform (they do, they perform, they cause)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The middle voice here suggests that the action is for the benefit of the subject, or simply a common usage for this verb in certain contexts.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

उत (uta) - even (and, or, even)

(indeclinable)

particle

सन्तः (santaḥ) - good people (good people, virtuous people, existing ones)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sat

sat - existing, good, virtuous, real

Present Active Participle

from root `as` (to be) + `śatṛ` suffix

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used here as a substantive (noun).

सुदुर्गे (sudurge) - even in the most difficult circumstances (in a very difficult place/situation)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sudurga

sudurga - very difficult to access, very dangerous, great difficulty

`su` (good/intensive) + `durga` (difficult place)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+durga)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix for intensification or goodness
• durga – difficult place, fortress, difficulty
  noun (masculine)
  from dur-gam (difficult to go)
  Prefix: dur
  Root: gam (class 1)