महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-43, verse-6

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
कथं समृद्धमप्यृद्धं तपो भवति केवलम् ।
सनत्सुजात तद्ब्रूहि यथा विद्याम तद्वयम् ॥६॥

6. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kathaṁ samṛddhamapyṛddhaṁ tapo bhavati kevalam ,
sanatsujāta tadbrūhi yathā vidyāma tadvayam.

6. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | kathaṃ samṛddham api ṛddham tapaḥ bhavati
kevalam | sanatsujāta tat brūhi yathā vidyāma tat vayam

6. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: O Sanatsujāta, please explain to us how austerities (tapas), even when abundant and prosperous, become purely spiritual (kevalam). We wish to understand this.

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra, the blind king (Dhritarashtra)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

• समृद्धम् (samṛddham) - prosperous, abundant, successful

• अपि (api) - even when (even, also, too, although)

• ऋद्धम् (ṛddham) - prosperous, rich, abundant

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities, spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, happens, exists)

• केवलम् (kevalam) - purely spiritual (only, merely, exclusively, pure, complete, spiritual)

• सनत्सुजात (sanatsujāta) - O Sanatsujāta (vocative) (Sanatsujata)

• तत् (tat) - this (referring to the explanation) (that, this)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please explain (speak, tell, say)

• यथा (yathā) - so that (so that, in order that, as, just as)

• विद्याम (vidyāma) - we may understand (may we know, may we understand)

• तत् (tat) - this (the matter of discussion) (that, this)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra, the blind king (Dhritarashtra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

Irregular perfect form from √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

समृद्धम् (samṛddham) - prosperous, abundant, successful

(adjective)

neuter, singular of samṛddha

samṛddha - prosperous, successful, abundant, complete

Past Passive Participle

From prefix `sam-` and root `√ṛdh` (to grow, prosper).

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Adjectival form qualifying 'tapaḥ'.

अपि (api) - even when (even, also, too, although)

(indeclinable)

ऋद्धम् (ṛddham) - prosperous, rich, abundant

(adjective)

neuter, singular of ṛddha

ṛddha - prosperous, thriving, full, abundant, successful

Past Passive Participle

From root `√ṛdh` (to grow, prosper).

Root: ṛdh (class 4)

Note: Adjectival form qualifying 'tapaḥ'. Synonymous with samṛddham in this context, emphasizing abundance.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerities, spiritual discipline (tapas) (austerity, penance, spiritual discipline, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual practice, heat, religious fervor

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Ends in -as, which becomes -aḥ in nominative singular.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, happens, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

present active indicative

From root `√bhū`.

Root: bhū (class 1)

केवलम् (kevalam) - purely spiritual (only, merely, exclusively, pure, complete, spiritual)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of kevala

kevala - alone, solitary, unique, pure, absolute, spiritual

Note: Modifies 'tapaḥ'.

सनत्सुजात (sanatsujāta) - O Sanatsujāta (vocative) (Sanatsujata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sanatsujāta

sanatsujāta - Sanatsujāta (name of a sage)

तत् (tat) - this (referring to the explanation) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of `brūhi`.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please explain (speak, tell, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative active

Irregular imperative form of √brū.

Root: brū (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - so that (so that, in order that, as, just as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause of purpose.

विद्याम (vidyāma) - we may understand (may we know, may we understand)

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of vid

optative active

From root `√vid`.

Root: vid (class 2)

तत् (tat) - this (the matter of discussion) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of `vidyāma`.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Personal pronoun.