महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-146, verse-31

राजा च क्षत्ता च महानुभावौ भीष्मे स्थिते परवन्तौ भवेताम् ।
अयं तु धर्मज्ञतया महात्मा न राज्यकामो नृवरो नदीजः ॥३१॥

31. rājā ca kṣattā ca mahānubhāvau; bhīṣme sthite paravantau bhavetām ,
ayaṁ tu dharmajñatayā mahātmā; na rājyakāmo nṛvaro nadījaḥ.

31. rājā ca kṣattā ca mahānubhāvau
bhīṣme sthite paravantau bhavetām
ayam tu dharmajñatayā mahātmā
na rājyakāmaḥ nṛvaraḥ nadījaḥ

31. राजा च क्षत्ता च महानुभावौ (सन्तः),
भीष्मे स्थिते (सति),
परवन्तौ भवेताम्तु अयम् महात्मा,
धर्मज्ञतया,
नृवरः नदीजः (भीष्मः) राज्यकामः न।

31. Both the King (Dhritarashtra) and Vidura, the chamberlain (kṣattā), though great-souled, would be dependent on others while Bhishma is present. But this great-souled (mahātmā) one, the best among men, the river-born (Bhishma), is not desirous of kingship due to his knowledge of natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Dhritarashtra) (king, ruler)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - Vidura (as the chamberlain/advisor) (charioteer, chamberlain, attendant, protector)

• महानुभावौ (mahānubhāvau) - both great-souled (great-souled, highly influential, noble (dual))

• भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - while Bhishma (is present) (in Bhishma, while Bhishma (is present))

• स्थिते (sthite) - being present (being, existing, situated, present)

• परवन्तौ (paravantau) - dependent (on others) (dependent, subject to others, controlled by others (dual))

• भवेताम् (bhavetām) - they would be (they would be, they might be, may they be)

• अयम् (ayam) - this one (Bhishma) (this, this one (masculine))

• तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

• धर्मज्ञतया (dharmajñatayā) - due to his knowledge of natural law (dharma) (by reason of knowing (dharma), due to his knowledge of righteousness/duty/natural law)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled (mahātmā) (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• राज्यकामः (rājyakāmaḥ) - not desirous of kingship (desirous of kingship, longing for a kingdom)

• नृवरः (nṛvaraḥ) - the best among men (best among men, excellent man)

• नदीजः (nadījaḥ) - the river-born (Bhishma, son of Ganga) (river-born, born of a river)

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - the king (Dhritarashtra) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice to mean 'both... and...'.

क्षत्ता (kṣattā) - Vidura (as the chamberlain/advisor) (charioteer, chamberlain, attendant, protector)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣattṛ

kṣattṛ - charioteer, chamberlain, attendant, protector

Agent noun

From root 'kṣad' or 'kṣi' with 'tṛ' suffix

Root: kṣi (class 2)

Note: Refers to Vidura.

महानुभावौ (mahānubhāvau) - both great-souled (great-souled, highly influential, noble (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahānubhāva

mahānubhāva - great-souled, highly influential, noble, magnificent

From 'mahā' (great) + 'anubhāva' (power, dignity)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+anubhāva)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  Stem form of 'mahat'
• anubhāva – power, dignity, majesty, innate disposition
  noun (masculine)
  From 'anu-bhū' (to experience, perceive)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā' and 'kṣattā' (collectively dual).

भीष्मे (bhīṣme) - while Bhishma (is present) (in Bhishma, while Bhishma (is present))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of the grand-uncle of the Pandavas and Kauravas), formidable, terrible

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'sthite'.

स्थिते (sthite) - being present (being, existing, situated, present)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, established, existing

Past Passive Participle

Ppp. of root 'sthā'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'bhīṣme'.

परवन्तौ (paravantau) - dependent (on others) (dependent, subject to others, controlled by others (dual))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of paravat

paravat - dependent, subject to others

From 'para' (another) + suffix 'vat' (having)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā' and 'kṣattā'.

भवेताम् (bhavetām) - they would be (they would be, they might be, may they be)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative Active

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Third person dual optative active verb.

अयम् (ayam) - this one (Bhishma) (this, this one (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

तु (tu) - but (but, however, indeed)

(indeclinable)

धर्मज्ञतया (dharmajñatayā) - due to his knowledge of natural law (dharma) (by reason of knowing (dharma), due to his knowledge of righteousness/duty/natural law)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dharmajñatā

dharmajñatā - knowledge of (dharma), righteousness, duty, natural law

From 'dharmajña' (knower of dharma) + 'tā' (abstract suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharmajña+tā)

• dharmajña – knowing (dharma), righteous
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'dharma' + 'jña' (knower)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, religious merit
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, sustain)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• tā – -ness, -hood (abstract suffix)
  suffix (feminine)
  Abstract noun forming suffix

Note: Indicates cause.

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great-souled (mahātmā) (great-souled, noble, magnanimous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, great (ātman)

From 'mahat' (great) + 'ātman' (self, soul)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, noble
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

राज्यकामः (rājyakāmaḥ) - not desirous of kingship (desirous of kingship, longing for a kingdom)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājyakāma

rājyakāma - desirous of kingship, longing for a kingdom

From 'rājya' (kingdom) + 'kāma' (desire)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+kāma)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• kāma – desire, wish, longing
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kam' (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ayam' (Bhishma).

नृवरः (nṛvaraḥ) - the best among men (best among men, excellent man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛvara

nṛvara - best among men, excellent man

From 'nṛ' (man) + 'vara' (best)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+vara)

• nṛ – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
  'ṛ'-stem noun
• vara – best, excellent, choicest, boon
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'vṛ' (to choose)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

नदीजः (nadījaḥ) - the river-born (Bhishma, son of Ganga) (river-born, born of a river)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadīja

nadīja - river-born, born of a river

From 'nadī' (river) + 'ja' (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nadī+ja)

• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.