महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-146, verse-21

एते नश्यन्ति कुरवो दुर्योधनकृतेन वै ।
यथा ते न प्रणश्येयुर्महाराज तथा कुरु ॥२१॥

21. ete naśyanti kuravo duryodhanakṛtena vai ,
yathā te na praṇaśyeyurmahārāja tathā kuru.

21. ete naśyanti kuravaḥ duryodhanakṛtena vai |
yathā te na praṇaśyeyuḥ mahārāja tathā kuru

21. mahārāja duryodhanakṛtena vai ete kuravaḥ
naśyanti te yathā na praṇaśyeyuḥ tathā kuru

21. These Kurus are indeed perishing due to Duryodhana's actions. O great king, act in such a way that they do not utterly perish.

Words meanings summery:

• एते (ete) - these

• नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - are perishing, are being destroyed

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - The Kuru family or clan, specifically referring to the Kauravas (Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

• दुर्योधनकृतेन (duryodhanakṛtena) - by the action of Duryodhana, because of Duryodhana

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

• यथा (yathā) - in order that (as, so that, in order that, how)

• ते (te) - those Kurus (they, those)

• न (na) - not

• प्रणश्येयुः (praṇaśyeyuḥ) - they might utterly perish (they should perish, they may perish, they might be destroyed)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative) (great king)

• तथा (tathā) - accordingly, in such a way (so, thus, accordingly, in that way)

• कुरु (kuru) - act (do, act, make)

Words meanings and morphology

एते (ete) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this, that

Note: Nominative plural masculine form of 'etat'.

नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - are perishing, are being destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √naś

Present Active

Root naś (नश्) of class 4, parasmaipada. Present tense, 3rd person plural.

Root: naś (class 4)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - The Kuru family or clan, specifically referring to the Kauravas (Kurus, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a Kuru, descendant of Kuru, name of an ancient king and his dynasty

दुर्योधनकृतेन (duryodhanakṛtena) - by the action of Duryodhana, because of Duryodhana

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duryodhanakṛta

duryodhanakṛta - done by Duryodhana, caused by Duryodhana

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duryodhana+kṛta)

• duryodhana – Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṛta – done, made, caused, acted
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṛ (कृ), to do, make.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used adverbially here, meaning 'due to Duryodhana's actions'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly, verily

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - in order that (as, so that, in order that, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to introduce a purpose clause.

ते (te) - those Kurus (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Nominative plural masculine of 'tad', referring to 'kuravaḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

प्रणश्येयुः (praṇaśyeyuḥ) - they might utterly perish (they should perish, they may perish, they might be destroyed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of √naś

Optative Active

Root naś (नश्) of class 4, parasmaipada. Optative mood, 3rd person plural. Preceded by prefix pra- (प्र).

Prefix: pra

Root: naś (class 4)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (vocative) (great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - accordingly, in such a way (so, thus, accordingly, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlates with 'yathā'.

कुरु (kuru) - act (do, act, make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of √kṛ

Imperative Active

Root kṛ (कृ) of class 8, ubhayapadī. Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, parasmaipada.

Root: kṛ (class 8)