महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-146, verse-30

राज्ये स्थितो धृतराष्ट्रो मनीषी तस्यानुजो विदुरो दीर्घदर्शी ।
एतावतिक्रम्य कथं नृपत्वं दुर्योधन प्रार्थयसेऽद्य मोहात् ॥३०॥

30. rājye sthito dhṛtarāṣṭro manīṣī; tasyānujo viduro dīrghadarśī ,
etāvatikramya kathaṁ nṛpatvaṁ; duryodhana prārthayase'dya mohāt.

30. rājye sthitaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ manīṣī
tasya anujaḥ viduraḥ dīrghadarśī
etau atikramya katham nṛpatvam
duryodhana prārthayase adya mohāt

30. राज्ये स्थितः मनीषी धृतराष्ट्रः (अस्ति),
तस्य अनुजः दीर्घदर्शी विदुरः (अस्ति)दुर्योधन,
अद्य मोहात्,
एतौ अतिक्रम्य कथम् नृपत्वम् प्रार्थयसे?

30. Established in the kingdom is the wise Dhritarashtra; and his younger brother Vidura is far-sighted. O Duryodhana, how can you, today, out of delusion, seek kingship by disrespecting these two?

Words meanings summery:

• राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom (in the kingdom, in the reign)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - established (in the kingdom) (situated, standing, established, existing)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (proper noun)

• मनीषी (manīṣī) - wise, intelligent, sagacious

• तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Dhritarashtra) (his, of him, its)

• अनुजः (anujaḥ) - younger brother, born after

• विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (proper noun)

• दीर्घदर्शी (dīrghadarśī) - far-sighted, prudent, discerning

• एतौ (etau) - these two (Dhritarashtra and Vidura) (these two (masculine/neuter dual))

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having disregarded (having disregarded, having violated, having transgressed)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• नृपत्वम् (nṛpatvam) - kingship (kingship, sovereignty, royal power)

• दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana

• प्रार्थयसे (prārthayase) - you seek (you seek, you request, you pray for)

• अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

• मोहात् (mohāt) - out of delusion, from folly, due to infatuation

Words meanings and morphology

राज्ये (rājye) - in the kingdom (in the kingdom, in the reign)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, rule

Root: rāj (class 1)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - established (in the kingdom) (situated, standing, established, existing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, situated, established, existing

Past Passive Participle

Ppp. of root 'sthā'

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (name of the blind king of the Kurus)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Ppp. of root 'dhṛ'
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)

मनीषी (manīṣī) - wise, intelligent, sagacious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, intelligent, thoughtful

From 'manas' (mind) + 'īṣ' (to rule, desire), suffix 'in'

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

तस्य (tasya) - his (referring to Dhritarashtra) (his, of him, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अनुजः (anujaḥ) - younger brother, born after

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuja

anuja - younger brother, born after

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anu+ja)

• anu – after, along, according to
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

विदुरः (viduraḥ) - Vidura (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidura

vidura - Vidura (name of Dhritarashtra's half-brother)

दीर्घदर्शी (dīrghadarśī) - far-sighted, prudent, discerning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrghadarśin

dīrghadarśin - far-sighted, prudent, discerning

From 'dīrgha' (long) + 'darśin' (seeing), suffix 'in'

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dīrgha+darśin)

• dīrgha – long, extensive
  adjective (masculine)
• darśin – seeing, discerning, having knowledge
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from 'dṛś'
  Agent suffix 'in' from root 'dṛś'
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'viduraḥ'.

एतौ (etau) - these two (Dhritarashtra and Vidura) (these two (masculine/neuter dual))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Object of 'atikramya'.

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having disregarded (having disregarded, having violated, having transgressed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive form of 'ati-kram' (upasarga 'ati' + root 'kram')

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating prior action.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

नृपत्वम् (nṛpatvam) - kingship (kingship, sovereignty, royal power)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nṛpatva

nṛpatva - kingship, sovereignty, royal power

From 'nṛpa' (king) + suffix 'tva'

Note: Object of 'prārthayase'.

दुर्योधन (duryodhana) - O Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Literally 'hard to conquer,' from 'dur' (bad, difficult) + 'yodhana' (fighter)

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रार्थयसे (prārthayase) - you seek (you seek, you request, you pray for)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prārthay

Present Middle

Denominative verb from 'arth' (purpose, object) with 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Second person singular present middle verb.

अद्य (adya) - today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

मोहात् (mohāt) - out of delusion, from folly, due to infatuation

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, folly, infatuation, bewilderment

From root 'muh' (to be bewildered, confused)

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Indicates cause or origin.