महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-146, verse-27

ततोऽथ राज्ञः सुबलस्य पुत्री धर्मार्थयुक्तं कुलनाशभीता ।
दुर्योधनं पापमतिं नृशंसं राज्ञां समक्षं सुतमाह कोपात् ॥२७॥

27. tato'tha rājñaḥ subalasya putrī; dharmārthayuktaṁ kulanāśabhītā ,
duryodhanaṁ pāpamatiṁ nṛśaṁsaṁ; rājñāṁ samakṣaṁ sutamāha kopāt.

27. tataḥ atha rājñaḥ subalasya putrī
dharmārthayuktam kulanāśabhītā
duryodhanam pāpamatim nṛśaṃsam
rājñām samakṣam sutam āha kopāt

27. tataḥ atha kulanāśabhītā rājñaḥ
subalasya putrī kopāt rājñām samakṣam
dharmārthayuktam (vacanam) pāpamatim
nṛśaṃsam sutam duryodhanam āha

27. Then, the daughter of King Subala (Gāndhārī), afraid of the destruction (vināśa) of her family, spoke words imbued with dharma (natural law) and artha (purpose) to her cruel, evil-minded son Duryodhana, in the presence of the kings, out of anger.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

• अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• सुबलस्य (subalasya) - of Subala

• पुत्री (putrī) - Gāndhārī, wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and mother of Duryodhana (daughter)

• धर्मार्थयुक्तम् (dharmārthayuktam) - Describing the speech (implied 'vacanam') as being concerned with natural law and practical purpose. (endowed with dharma (natural law) and artha (purpose/gain), righteous and purposeful)

• कुलनाशभीता (kulanāśabhītā) - afraid of family destruction

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana

• पापमतिम् (pāpamatim) - evil-minded, wicked in intellect

• नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, ruthless, fierce

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings

• समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before

• सुतम् (sutam) - Her son, Duryodhana (son)

• आह (āha) - said, spoke

• कोपात् (kopāt) - out of anger, from anger

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - thereupon, then, from that

(indeclinable)

अथ (atha) - then, now, moreover

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce a new topic or sequence, often signifying 'auspicious beginning'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Qualifies 'subalasya'.

सुबलस्य (subalasya) - of Subala

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of subala

subala - Subala (a proper name, king of Gandhāra, father of Gāndhārī)

Note: Qualifies 'putrī' (daughter of Subala).

पुत्री (putrī) - Gāndhārī, wife of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and mother of Duryodhana (daughter)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of putrī

putrī - daughter

Feminine form of 'putra' (son).

Note: Subject of 'āha'.

धर्मार्थयुक्तम् (dharmārthayuktam) - Describing the speech (implied 'vacanam') as being concerned with natural law and practical purpose. (endowed with dharma (natural law) and artha (purpose/gain), righteous and purposeful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharmārthayukta

dharmārthayukta - connected with dharma (natural law) and artha (purpose/gain), righteous and purposeful, appropriate to justice and prosperity

Past Passive Participle

Compound of 'dharma', 'artha' and 'yukta' (PPP of yuj).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha+yukta)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, social order
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, object, advantage
  noun (masculine)
• yukta – joined, endowed, fit, appropriate, connected, engaged
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'yuj' (to join).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

कुलनाशभीता (kulanāśabhītā) - afraid of family destruction

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kulanāśabhīta

kulanāśabhīta - afraid of the destruction of the family, fearing the ruin of the lineage

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from 'kula' (family), 'nāśa' (destruction) and 'bhīta' (PPP of bhī, afraid).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kula+nāśa+bhīta)

• kula – family, lineage, race, clan
  noun (neuter)
• nāśa – destruction, ruin, loss, disappearance
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'naś' (to perish).
  Root: naś (class 4)
• bhīta – afraid, frightened, terrified
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'bhī' (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'putrī'.

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - to Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Gāndhārī)

Note: Object of 'āha'.

पापमतिम् (pāpamatim) - evil-minded, wicked in intellect

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāpamati

pāpamati - evil-minded, having a wicked intellect, perverse in thought

Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'whose mati (intellect) is pāpa (evil)'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pāpa+mati)

• pāpa – evil, wicked, sinful, bad, sin (as a noun)
  adjective
• mati – mind, intellect, thought, opinion, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'man' (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)

नृशंसम् (nṛśaṁsam) - cruel, ruthless, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛśaṃsa

nṛśaṁsa - cruel, ruthless, wicked, fierce, mischievous, evil

Note: Qualifies 'duryodhanam'.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of the kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Note: Used with 'samakṣam'.

समक्षम् (samakṣam) - in the presence of, before

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sam' (with) and 'akṣa' (eye). An Avyayībhāva compound used as an adverb.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (sam+akṣi)

• sam – with, together, complete, perfect
  indeclinable
  Prefix or preposition indicating accompaniment or completeness.
• akṣi – eye
  noun (neuter)

सुतम् (sutam) - Her son, Duryodhana (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sū' (to bring forth, to produce).

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

आह (āha) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (liṭ) of ah

Perfect tense

Root ah, 3rd person singular, perfect tense (liṭ), active voice. It is an archaic root mostly found in perfect tense.

Root: ah (class 2)

कोपात् (kopāt) - out of anger, from anger

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury, passion

Derived from root 'kup' (to be angry).

Root: kup (class 4)