महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-103, verse-18

कण्व उवाच ।
तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा खगस्योदर्कदारुणम् ।
अक्षोभ्यं क्षोभयंस्तार्क्ष्यमुवाच रथचक्रभृत् ॥१८॥

18. kaṇva uvāca ,
tasya tadvacanaṁ śrutvā khagasyodarkadāruṇam ,
akṣobhyaṁ kṣobhayaṁstārkṣyamuvāca rathacakrabhṛt.

18. kaṇvaḥ uvāca tasya tat vacanam śrutvā khagasya udarka-dāruṇam
akṣobhyam kṣobhayan tārkṣyam uvāca ratha-cakra-bhṛt

18. Kaṇva spoke: Having heard those words of the bird (Garuda), which were terrible in their consequence, the wielder of the chariot wheel (Viṣṇu), disturbing the steadfast (Kaśyapa), spoke to Tārkṣya (Garuda).

Words meanings summery:

• कण्वः (kaṇvaḥ) - Kaṇva (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• तत् (tat) - that, those

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• खगस्य (khagasya) - of Garuda (of the bird)

• उदर्क-दारुणम् (udarka-dāruṇam) - terrible in outcome/consequence, dreadful in results

• अक्षोभ्यम् (akṣobhyam) - the steadfast Kaśyapa (unshakable, immovable, undisturbed)

• क्षोभयन् (kṣobhayan) - shaking, disturbing, agitating

• तार्क्ष्यम् (tārkṣyam) - Garuda (Tārkṣya (name of Garuda))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• रथ-चक्र-भृत् (ratha-cakra-bhṛt) - Viṣṇu (the holder of the chariot wheel)

Words meanings and morphology

कण्वः (kaṇvaḥ) - Kaṇva (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaṇva

kaṇva - Name of a sage

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kaśyapa.

तत् (tat) - that, those

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech

From root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Formed with suffix 'ktvā'

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses action completed before the main verb.

खगस्य (khagasya) - of Garuda (of the bird)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of khaga

khaga - bird

Literally "sky-goer"

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kha+ga)

• kha – sky, ether
  noun (neuter)
• ga – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'gam' (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Garuda.

उदर्क-दारुणम् (udarka-dāruṇam) - terrible in outcome/consequence, dreadful in results

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of udarkadāruṇa

udarkadāruṇa - dreadful in consequence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (udarka+dāruṇa)

• udarka – consequence, result, future
  noun (masculine)
  From 'ud' + 'ṛc' or 'ud' + 'ark'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: ṛc (class 1)
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, cruel
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: dāru

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

अक्षोभ्यम् (akṣobhyam) - the steadfast Kaśyapa (unshakable, immovable, undisturbed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akṣobhya

akṣobhya - unshakable, not to be disturbed

Gerundive

Formed with 'a' (negation) + root 'kṣubh' (to be agitated) + suffix 'ya'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kṣobhya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• kṣobhya – capable of being agitated/disturbed
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root 'kṣubh' (to be agitated)
  Root: kṣubh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kṣobhayan'. Refers to Kaśyapa.

क्षोभयन् (kṣobhayan) - shaking, disturbing, agitating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣobhayat

kṣobhayat - shaking, disturbing

Present Active Participle

Causative form of root 'kṣubh' (to be agitated)

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ratha-cakra-bhṛt'.

तार्क्ष्यम् (tārkṣyam) - Garuda (Tārkṣya (name of Garuda))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tārkṣya

tārkṣya - A son of Tṛkṣa or Kaśyapa, often identified with Garuḍa

Note: Refers to Garuda.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect form

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

रथ-चक्र-भृत् (ratha-cakra-bhṛt) - Viṣṇu (the holder of the chariot wheel)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathacakrabhṛt

rathacakrabhṛt - holder of the chariot wheel

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+cakra+bhṛt)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rā (class 2)
• cakra – wheel, discus
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• bhṛt – bearing, holding, maintaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root 'bhṛ' (to bear, hold) + 'kvip' suffix
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.