महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-18, verse-36

युष्मासु ध्रियमाणेषु दुःखानि विविधान्युत ।
शोषयन्ति शरीरं मे किं नु दुःखमतः परम् ॥३६॥

36. yuṣmāsu dhriyamāṇeṣu duḥkhāni vividhānyuta ,
śoṣayanti śarīraṁ me kiṁ nu duḥkhamataḥ param.

36. yuṣmāsu dhriyamāṇeṣu duḥkhāni vividhāni uta
śoṣayanti śarīram me kim nu duḥkham ataḥ param

36. While you (all) are living, various miseries indeed are drying up my body. What greater suffering (duḥkha) could there possibly be than this?

Words meanings summery:

• युष्मासु (yuṣmāsu) - while you (all) are present/existing (in you all, among you (plural))

• ध्रियमाणेषु (dhriyamāṇeṣu) - while (you all) are living/enduring (while being supported, while existing, while being held)

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - miseries (miseries, sufferings, sorrows)

• विविधानि (vividhāni) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

• उत (uta) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, moreover, and, or)

• शोषयन्ति (śoṣayanti) - they are drying up (they dry up, they cause to wither, they torment)

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - my body (body)

• मे (me) - my (my, to me)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• नु (nu) - indeed, possibly (indeed, then, now, surely (interrogative or emphatic particle))

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - misery (misery, suffering, sorrow)

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this (misery previously mentioned) (from this, hence)

• परम् (param) - greater (than this) (superior, greater, higher, subsequent)

Words meanings and morphology

युष्मासु (yuṣmāsu) - while you (all) are present/existing (in you all, among you (plural))

(pronoun)

Locative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

ध्रियमाणेषु (dhriyamāṇeṣu) - while (you all) are living/enduring (while being supported, while existing, while being held)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dhriyamāṇa

dhriyamāṇa - being supported, being held, being sustained, existing

Present Middle Participle

From root dhṛ (to hold, support, endure) in passive/middle voice.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with yuṣmāsu. Forms a locative absolute construction.

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - miseries (miseries, sufferings, sorrows)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - misery, suffering, sorrow, pain

Note: Subject of śoṣayanti.

विविधानि (vividhāni) - various (various, diverse, manifold)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā

Note: Qualifies duḥkhāni.

उत (uta) - indeed (emphatic) (indeed, moreover, and, or)

(indeclinable)

शोषयन्ति (śoṣayanti) - they are drying up (they dry up, they cause to wither, they torment)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śuṣ

Causative present indicative

Causative of root śuṣ (śoṣayati).

Root: śuṣ (class 4)

शरीरम् (śarīram) - my body (body)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal form

Note: Object of śoṣayanti.

मे (me) - my (my, to me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of genitive/dative of asmad. Here possessive.

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Interrogative pronoun, functions as predicate.

नु (nu) - indeed, possibly (indeed, then, now, surely (interrogative or emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - misery (misery, suffering, sorrow)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - misery, suffering, sorrow, pain

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

अतः (ataḥ) - from this (misery previously mentioned) (from this, hence)

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of idam (this) used as an indeclinable.

Note: Refers to the current situation.

परम् (param) - greater (than this) (superior, greater, higher, subsequent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, subsequent, superior, supreme

Note: Predicate adjective for duḥkham.