महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-18, verse-1

द्रौपद्युवाच ।
इदं तु मे महद्दुःखं यत्प्रवक्ष्यामि भारत ।
न मेऽभ्यसूया कर्तव्या दुःखादेतद्ब्रवीम्यहम् ॥१॥

1. draupadyuvāca ,
idaṁ tu me mahadduḥkhaṁ yatpravakṣyāmi bhārata ,
na me'bhyasūyā kartavyā duḥkhādetadbravīmyaham.

1. draupadī uvāca idam tu me mahat duḥkham yat pravakṣyāmi
bhārata na me abhyasūyā kartavyā duḥkhāt etat bravīmi aham

1. Draupadi spoke: 'O descendant of Bharata, this indeed is my great sorrow (duḥkha) which I am about to relate. No ill-will (abhyasūyā) should be held against me; I say this out of grief.'

Words meanings summery:

• द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadi (Draupadi (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said (perfect tense))

• इदम् (idam) - this (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet (particle))

• मे (me) - my (to me, my (dative/genitive singular))

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (duḥkha) (sorrow, suffering, pain (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• यत् (yat) - which (which, what (neuter nominative/accusative singular relative pronoun))

• प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will relate (I will speak forth, I will relate (future 1st singular active))

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (O descendant of Bharata! (vocative))

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• मे (me) - towards me (to me, my (dative/genitive singular))

• अभ्यसूया (abhyasūyā) - ill-will (abhyasūyā) (envy, jealousy, ill-will, censure)

• कर्तव्या (kartavyā) - should be held (should be done, ought to be performed (feminine nominative singular))

• दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - out of grief (from sorrow, out of pain (ablative singular))

• एतत् (etat) - this (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

• ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I say (I say, I speak (present 1st singular active))

• अहम् (aham) - I (I (nominative singular))

Words meanings and morphology

द्रौपदी (draupadī) - Draupadi (Draupadi (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of draupadī

draupadī - daughter of Drupada, Draupadi

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said (perfect tense))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense, active voice

Irregular perfect formation of `vac`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to Draupadi.

इदम् (idam) - this (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, yet (particle))

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - my (to me, my (dative/genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Acts possessively with `duḥkham`.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

Root: mah

Note: Agrees with `duḥkham`.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (duḥkha) (sorrow, suffering, pain (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

Note: Predicate nominative with `idam`.

यत् (yat) - which (which, what (neuter nominative/accusative singular relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Object of `pravakṣyāmi`.

प्रवक्ष्यामि (pravakṣyāmi) - I will relate (I will speak forth, I will relate (future 1st singular active))

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pra-vac

future tense, active voice

Formed from `pra` (forth) + `vac` (to speak).

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is `aham` (implied).

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bharata (O descendant of Bharata! (vocative))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - a descendant of Bharata, an Indian, related to Bharata

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - towards me (to me, my (dative/genitive singular))

(pronoun)

Dative, feminine, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Functions as dative for 'should be done towards me'.

अभ्यसूया (abhyasūyā) - ill-will (abhyasūyā) (envy, jealousy, ill-will, censure)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of abhyasūyā

abhyasūyā - envy, jealousy, malice, censure, detraction

From `abhi` (towards) + `asūyā` (envy).

Compound type : pradi-samāsa (abhi+asūyā)

• abhi – towards, against, over
  upasarga
• asūyā – envy, jealousy, discontent
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'sūy' (to be angry, to envy).
  Root: sūy (class 10)

Note: Subject of `kartavyā`.

कर्तव्या (kartavyā) - should be held (should be done, ought to be performed (feminine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, proper to be done, duty

gerundive (future passive participle)

From root `kṛ` (to do, make) with `tavya` suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective with `abhyasūyā`.

दुःखात् (duḥkhāt) - out of grief (from sorrow, out of pain (ablative singular))

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

Note: Indicates cause.

एतत् (etat) - this (this (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this very

Note: Object of `bravīmi`.

ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I say (I say, I speak (present 1st singular active))

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

present tense, active voice

Strong form of root `brū` (or `vac` which also has `bravīti` forms).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject `aham`.

अहम् (aham) - I (I (nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Subject of `bravīmi`.