महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-18, verse-18

यस्मिञ्जाते महाभागे कुन्त्याः शोको व्यनश्यत ।
स शोचयति मामद्य भीमसेन तवानुजः ॥१८॥

18. yasmiñjāte mahābhāge kuntyāḥ śoko vyanaśyata ,
sa śocayati māmadya bhīmasena tavānujaḥ.

18. yasmin jāte mahābhāge kuntyāḥ śokaḥ vyanaśyat
saḥ śocayati mām adya bhīmasena tava anujaḥ

18. O Bhimasena, when that great-souled (mahābhāge) one was born, Kunti's sorrow disappeared. But now, your younger brother (Arjuna) causes me grief.

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - when he (Arjuna) (in whom, in which, when he)

• जाते (jāte) - when he was born (born, produced, become)

• महाभागे (mahābhāge) - when he, the great-souled (Arjuna), was born (locative case) (O highly fortunate one, in the great-souled one)

• कुन्त्याः (kuntyāḥ) - of Kunti

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

• व्यनश्यत् (vyanaśyat) - it disappeared, it was destroyed, it perished

• सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

• शोचयति (śocayati) - he causes to grieve, he makes sorrowful

• माम् (mām) - me (the speaker, Yudhishthira) (me)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - O Bhimasena (name of a Pandava brother)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• अनुजः (anujaḥ) - younger brother (Arjuna) (younger brother)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - when he (Arjuna) (in whom, in which, when he)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction (yasmin jāte)

जाते (jāte) - when he was born (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, occurred, become

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, describing yasmin

महाभागे (mahābhāge) - when he, the great-souled (Arjuna), was born (locative case) (O highly fortunate one, in the great-souled one)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - highly fortunate, illustrious, great-souled, noble

Karmadhāraya compound: mahā (great) + bhāga (fortune, portion)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bhāga – portion, share, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhaj (to divide, to participate)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with yasmin jāte

कुन्त्याः (kuntyāḥ) - of Kunti

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kuntī

kuntī - Kunti (name of the mother of the Pandavas)

Note: Possessive case, relating to śokaḥ

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Agent noun

From root śuc (to mourn, to grieve)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb vyanaśyat

व्यनश्यत् (vyanaśyat) - it disappeared, it was destroyed, it perished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (past) (laṅ) of vinaś

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: The subject is śokaḥ

सः (saḥ) - he (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of śocayati

शोचयति (śocayati) - he causes to grieve, he makes sorrowful

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śuc

Causative

Causative stem of root śuc

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: The subject is saḥ

माम् (mām) - me (the speaker, Yudhishthira) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Object of śocayati

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

From idam (this) + dā (time suffix)

Note: Contrasts with the past event of his birth

भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - O Bhimasena (name of a Pandava brother)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhimasena (name of a Pandava brother)

Compound of bhīma (terrible) and sena (army, leader)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīma+sena)

• bhīma – formidable, terrible
  adjective
  From root bhī (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• sena – army, host, leader
  noun (masculine)
  From root si (to bind, to conquer)
  Root: si (class 5)

Note: The speaker is addressing Bhima

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural or respectful singular)

Note: Possessive, refers to Bhima

अनुजः (anujaḥ) - younger brother (Arjuna) (younger brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuja

anuja - younger brother, born after

Compound of anu (after) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anu+ja)

• anu – after, along, following
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Agent Noun
  From root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of śocayati along with saḥ