महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-18, verse-13

किरीटं सूर्यसंकाशं यस्य मूर्धनि शोभते ।
वेणीविकृतकेशान्तः सोऽयमद्य धनंजयः ॥१३॥

13. kirīṭaṁ sūryasaṁkāśaṁ yasya mūrdhani śobhate ,
veṇīvikṛtakeśāntaḥ so'yamadya dhanaṁjayaḥ.

13. kirīṭam sūryasaṃkāśam yasya mūrdhani śobhate
veṇīvikṛtakeśāntaḥ saḥ ayam adya dhanañjayaḥ

13. He, on whose head a sun-like diadem used to shine, that very Arjuna (dhanañjaya) now has the ends of his hair disfigured by a braid.

Words meanings summery:

• किरीटम् (kirīṭam) - diadem (diadem, crown, tiara)

• सूर्यसंकाशम् (sūryasaṁkāśam) - radiant as the sun (shining like the sun, sun-like)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (Arjuna's) (whose, of whom)

• मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on his head (on the head, in the head)

• शोभते (śobhate) - used to shine (shines, is beautiful, adorns)

• वेणीविकृतकेशान्तः (veṇīvikṛtakeśāntaḥ) - (he) whose hair ends are disfigured by a braid (with hair-ends disfigured by a braid)

• सः (saḥ) - that (Arjuna) (he, that)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (Arjuna) (this, he)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (dhanañjaya) (Arjuna (lit. conqueror of wealth), fire)

Words meanings and morphology

किरीटम् (kirīṭam) - diadem (diadem, crown, tiara)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kirīṭa

kirīṭa - crown, diadem, tiara

Note: Subject of 'śobhate'.

सूर्यसंकाशम् (sūryasaṁkāśam) - radiant as the sun (shining like the sun, sun-like)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sūryasaṃkāśa

sūryasaṁkāśa - shining like the sun, bright as the sun

Compound: sūrya (sun) + saṃkāśa (resembling, shining, like). Refers to a comparison with the sun.

Compound type : upama-tatpuruṣa (sūrya+saṃkāśa)

• sūrya – sun, the Sun-god
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, like, shining
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kāś (to shine) with upasarga sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kirīṭam'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose (Arjuna's) (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

मूर्धनि (mūrdhani) - on his head (on the head, in the head)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

शोभते (śobhate) - used to shine (shines, is beautiful, adorns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of śubh

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Atmanepada form. Used here to imply past action in a narrative context.

वेणीविकृतकेशान्तः (veṇīvikṛtakeśāntaḥ) - (he) whose hair ends are disfigured by a braid (with hair-ends disfigured by a braid)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of veṇīvikṛtakeśānta

veṇīvikṛtakeśānta - one whose hair-ends are disfigured by a braid

Bahuvrīhi compound: veṇī (braid) + vikṛta (disfigured) + keśānta (hair-ends). Meaning 'one who has disfigured hair-ends due to a braid'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (veṇī+vikṛta+keśānta)

• veṇī – braid, plaited hair
  noun (feminine)
• vikṛta – disfigured, altered, changed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to make) with upasarga vi- (apart, dis-).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• keśānta – hair-ends, edge of hair
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: keśa (hair) + anta (end).

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

सः (saḥ) - that (Arjuna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine form of tad.

अयम् (ayam) - this (Arjuna) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Masculine form of idam.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

धनञ्जयः (dhanañjayaḥ) - Arjuna (dhanañjaya) (Arjuna (lit. conqueror of wealth), fire)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - Arjuna (a name of Arjuna), conqueror of wealth, fire

Compound: dhana (wealth) + jaya (victory/conquest). An upapada-tatpuruṣa compound meaning 'one who conquers wealth'.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  From root ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: An epithet for Arjuna.