महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-37, verse-4

महापापानि कर्माणि यानि केवलसाहसात् ।
आरभ्यन्ते भीमसेन व्यथन्ते तानि भारत ॥४॥

4. mahāpāpāni karmāṇi yāni kevalasāhasāt ,
ārabhyante bhīmasena vyathante tāni bhārata.

4. mahāpāpāni karmāṇi yāni kevalasāhasāt
ārabhyante bhīmasena vyathante tāni bhārata

4. O Bhīmasena, O descendant of Bharata, those greatly sinful actions (karma) which are commenced purely out of recklessness cause distress.

Words meanings summery:

• महापापानि (mahāpāpāni) - greatly sinful, highly wicked

• कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma), deeds

• यानि (yāni) - which (neuter plural)

• केवलसाहसात् (kevalasāhasāt) - purely out of audacity/rashness, from sheer recklessness

• आरभ्यन्ते (ārabhyante) - are begun, are undertaken

• भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - Vocative address. (O Bhīmasena)

• व्यथन्ते (vyathante) - The actions themselves result in suffering or are troubled. (they are troubled, they suffer, they are frustrated, they cause distress)

• तानि (tāni) - Refers back to 'mahāpāpāni karmāṇi'. (those (neuter plural))

• भारत (bhārata) - Vocative address to Bhīmasena. (O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

महापापानि (mahāpāpāni) - greatly sinful, highly wicked

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mahāpāpa

mahāpāpa - great sin, highly sinful, very wicked

Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+pāpa)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  Contraction of mahat.
• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  noun (neuter)

Note: Matches 'karmāṇi'.

कर्माणि (karmāṇi) - actions (karma), deeds

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of karman

karman - action (karma), deed, work, ritual

From √kṛ 'to do' + suffix -man

Root: kṛ

Note: Subject of 'ārabhyante' and 'vyathante'.

यानि (yāni) - which (neuter plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun

केवलसाहसात् (kevalasāhasāt) - purely out of audacity/rashness, from sheer recklessness

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kevalasāhasa

kevalasāhasa - sheer audacity, pure recklessness

Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (kevala+sāhasa)

• kevala – pure, mere, exclusive, only
  adjective (neuter)
• sāhasa – audacity, rashness, violence, temerity
  noun (neuter)
  From sahas (force, power)
  Root: sah

Note: Indicates the cause or origin.

आरभ्यन्ते (ārabhyante) - are begun, are undertaken

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of rabh

Present tense, 3rd person plural middle/passive

From √rabh with prefix ā-. Here used in passive sense for 'karmāṇi'.

Prefix: ā

Root: rabh (class 1)

भीमसेन (bhīmasena) - Vocative address. (O Bhīmasena)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Name of one of the Pāṇḍavas

व्यथन्ते (vyathante) - The actions themselves result in suffering or are troubled. (they are troubled, they suffer, they are frustrated, they cause distress)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of vyath

Present tense, 3rd person plural middle

From √vyath. Root is often used in middle voice.

Root: vyath (class 1)

तानि (tāni) - Refers back to 'mahāpāpāni karmāṇi'. (those (neuter plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

भारत (bhārata) - Vocative address to Bhīmasena. (O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a member of the Bharata lineage

Patronymic derived from Bharata.