महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-37, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
भीमसेनवचः श्रुत्वा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः ।
निःश्वस्य पुरुषव्याघ्रः संप्रदध्यौ परंतपः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
bhīmasenavacaḥ śrutvā kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
niḥśvasya puruṣavyāghraḥ saṁpradadhyau paraṁtapaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca bhīmasenavacaḥ śrutvā kuntīputraḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ niḥśvasya puruṣavyāghraḥ saṃpradadhyau paraṃtapaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Having heard Bhīmasena's words, Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Kuntī, who was a tiger among men and a tormentor of enemies, sighed deeply and began to ponder.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• भीमसेनवचः (bhīmasenavacaḥ) - Bhīmasena's words, the speech of Bhīmasena

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, as the son of Kuntī (son of Kuntī)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name)

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, sighing deeply

• पुरुषव्याघ्रः (puruṣavyāghraḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, indicating his bravery or preeminence. (tiger among men, best of men)

• संप्रदध्यौ (saṁpradadhyau) - pondered, reflected deeply

• परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a sage, a disciple of Vyāsa, the narrator of the Mahābhārata.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

Irregular perfect formation from √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

भीमसेनवचः (bhīmasenavacaḥ) - Bhīmasena's words, the speech of Bhīmasena

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhīmasenavacas

bhīmasenavacas - the words of Bhīmasena

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīmasena+vacas)

• bhīmasena – Name of one of the Pāṇḍavas
  proper noun (masculine)
• vacas – word, speech, saying
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

कुन्तीपुत्रः (kuntīputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, as the son of Kuntī (son of Kuntī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kuntī

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Name of the mother of the Pāṇḍavas
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, firm in battle, steadfast in war

Compound, lit. 'one who stands firm in battle' (yudhi + sthira)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From √sthā 'to stand'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, sighing deeply

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund) with prefix

Formed with suffix -ya after prefix niś

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

पुरुषव्याघ्रः (puruṣavyāghraḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira, indicating his bravery or preeminence. (tiger among men, best of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, foremost man

Tatpurusha compound (upapada-samāsa or similitude compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

संप्रदध्यौ (saṁpradadhyau) - pondered, reflected deeply

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dhyai

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

From √dhyai with prefixes sam- and pra-

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: dhyai (class 1)

परंतपः (paraṁtapaḥ) - Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira. (tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of enemies, subduer of foes

Compound. 'He who heats/torments others (enemies)'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, foe
  pronoun (masculine)
• tapa – heating, tormenting, causing pain, asceticism (tapas)
  noun (masculine)
  From √tap 'to heat, to torment'
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: It functions as an epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira.