महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-37, verse-38

तमन्वयुर्महाराज शिक्षाक्षरविदस्तथा ।
ब्राह्मणास्तपसा युक्ता देवेन्द्रमृषयो यथा ॥३८॥

38. tamanvayurmahārāja śikṣākṣaravidastathā ,
brāhmaṇāstapasā yuktā devendramṛṣayo yathā.

38. tam anvayuḥ mahārāja śikṣākṣaravidaḥ tathā
brāhmaṇāḥ tapasā yuktāḥ devendram ṛṣayaḥ yathā

38. O great king, learned Brahmins, endowed with ascetic practice (tapas), followed him, just as sages follow the king of gods, Indra.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (who went to Kāmyaka) (him, that)

• अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they (Brahmins) followed (him) (they followed)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (to whom the Mahābhārata is being narrated) (O great king, O emperor)

• शिक्षाक्षरविदः (śikṣākṣaravidaḥ) - Brahmins skilled in the auxiliary sciences of the Vedas (śikṣā) and scriptural knowledge (knowing phonetics and letters, learned in education and scriptures)

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (so, thus, and, similarly)

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - the priestly class or scholars (Brahmins, learned ones)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by their ascetic practice (tapas) (by penance, by austerity, by spiritual effort)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with, engaged in (ascetic practice) (joined, endowed, engaged, connected)

• देवेन्द्रम् (devendram) - the king of gods, Indra (king of gods, Indra)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - ancient wise seers (sages, seers)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (who went to Kāmyaka) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of anvayuḥ.

अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they (Brahmins) followed (him) (they followed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of anv-i

Perfect active

From root i with prefix anu-. anvayuḥ is 3rd plural perfect.

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Verb for the Brahmins.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (to whom the Mahābhārata is being narrated) (O great king, O emperor)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahant+rājan)

• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

शिक्षाक्षरविदः (śikṣākṣaravidaḥ) - Brahmins skilled in the auxiliary sciences of the Vedas (śikṣā) and scriptural knowledge (knowing phonetics and letters, learned in education and scriptures)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śikṣākṣaravid

śikṣākṣaravid - learned in śikṣā (phonetics) and akṣara (letters/scriptures)

From vid (to know).

Compound type : dvandva (śikṣā+akṣara+vid)

• śikṣā – instruction, learning, study, phonetics (one of the Vedāṅgas)
  noun (feminine)
  From root śikṣ (to learn).
  Root: śikṣ (class 1)
• akṣara – indestructible, letter, syllable, word, scripture, Brahman
  noun (neuter)
  a (not) + kṣara (perishable).
  Root: kṣar (class 1)
• vid – knowing, understanding, wise, learned
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of anvayuḥ, describing the Brahmins.

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (so, thus, and, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the description of Brahmins.

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - the priestly class or scholars (Brahmins, learned ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class; related to Brahman

Derived from brahman.

Note: Subject of anvayuḥ.

तपसा (tapasā) - by their ascetic practice (tapas) (by penance, by austerity, by spiritual effort)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity (tapas)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which they are yuktāḥ.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with, engaged in (ascetic practice) (joined, endowed, engaged, connected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, engaged in, fit, proper, self-controlled

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Describes the Brahmins.

देवेन्द्रम् (devendram) - the king of gods, Indra (king of gods, Indra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devendra

devendra - Indra, chief of the gods

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+indra)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• indra – Indra (chief of the gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of implied 'follow' in the simile.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - ancient wise seers (sages, seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject in the simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of comparison.