महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-37, verse-38

तमन्वयुर्महाराज शिक्षाक्षरविदस्तथा ।
ब्राह्मणास्तपसा युक्ता देवेन्द्रमृषयो यथा ॥३८॥

38. tamanvayurmahārāja śikṣākṣaravidastathā ,
brāhmaṇāstapasā yuktā devendramṛṣayo yathā.

38. tam anvayuḥ mahārāja śikṣākṣaravidaḥ tathā
brāhmaṇāḥ tapasā yuktāḥ devendram ṛṣayaḥ yathā

38. O great king, learned Brahmins, endowed with ascetic practice (tapas), followed him, just as sages follow the king of gods, Indra.

38. הו מלך גדול, אחריו הלכו בְּרַהְמִינִים בעלי עוצמה רוחנית, בקיאים בהגייה ובצלילים, כמו חוזים שהולכים אחרי מלך האלים.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (who went to Kāmyaka) (him, that)

• अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they (Brahmins) followed (him) (they followed)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (to whom the Mahābhārata is being narrated) (O great king, O emperor)

• शिक्षाक्षरविदः (śikṣākṣaravidaḥ) - Brahmins skilled in the auxiliary sciences of the Vedas (śikṣā) and scriptural knowledge (knowing phonetics and letters, learned in education and scriptures)

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (so, thus, and, similarly)

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - the priestly class or scholars (Brahmins, learned ones)

• तपसा (tapasā) - by their ascetic practice (tapas) (by penance, by austerity, by spiritual effort)

• युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with, engaged in (ascetic practice) (joined, endowed, engaged, connected)

• देवेन्द्रम् (devendram) - the king of gods, Indra (king of gods, Indra)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - ancient wise seers (sages, seers)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Yudhiṣṭhira (who went to Kāmyaka) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of anvayuḥ.

अन्वयुः (anvayuḥ) - they (Brahmins) followed (him) (they followed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of anv-i

Perfect active

From root i with prefix anu-. anvayuḥ is 3rd plural perfect.

Prefix: anu

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Verb for the Brahmins.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (to whom the Mahābhārata is being narrated) (O great king, O emperor)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahant+rājan)

• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

शिक्षाक्षरविदः (śikṣākṣaravidaḥ) - Brahmins skilled in the auxiliary sciences of the Vedas (śikṣā) and scriptural knowledge (knowing phonetics and letters, learned in education and scriptures)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śikṣākṣaravid

śikṣākṣaravid - learned in śikṣā (phonetics) and akṣara (letters/scriptures)

From vid (to know).

Compound type : dvandva (śikṣā+akṣara+vid)

• śikṣā – instruction, learning, study, phonetics (one of the Vedāṅgas)
  noun (feminine)
  From root śikṣ (to learn).
  Root: śikṣ (class 1)
• akṣara – indestructible, letter, syllable, word, scripture, Brahman
  noun (neuter)
  a (not) + kṣara (perishable).
  Root: kṣar (class 1)
• vid – knowing, understanding, wise, learned
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  From root vid (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of anvayuḥ, describing the Brahmins.

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise (so, thus, and, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the description of Brahmins.

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - the priestly class or scholars (Brahmins, learned ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a member of the priestly class; related to Brahman

Derived from brahman.

Note: Subject of anvayuḥ.

तपसा (tapasā) - by their ascetic practice (tapas) (by penance, by austerity, by spiritual effort)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity (tapas)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which they are yuktāḥ.

युक्ताः (yuktāḥ) - endowed with, engaged in (ascetic practice) (joined, endowed, engaged, connected)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, engaged in, fit, proper, self-controlled

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, to yoke)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Describes the Brahmins.

देवेन्द्रम् (devendram) - the king of gods, Indra (king of gods, Indra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devendra

devendra - Indra, chief of the gods

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+indra)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• indra – Indra (chief of the gods)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Object of implied 'follow' in the simile.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - ancient wise seers (sages, seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject in the simile.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of comparison.

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