महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-32, verse-29

स चायं सफलो धर्मो न धर्मोऽफल उच्यते ।
दृश्यन्तेऽपि हि विद्यानां फलानि तपसां तथा ॥२९॥

29. sa cāyaṁ saphalo dharmo na dharmo'phala ucyate ,
dṛśyante'pi hi vidyānāṁ phalāni tapasāṁ tathā.

29. saḥ ca ayam saphalaḥ dharmaḥ na dharmaḥ aphalaḥ
ucyate dṛśyante api hi vidyānām phalāni tapasām tathā

29. This natural law (dharma) is indeed fruitful, and a natural law (dharma) that yields no results is not truly regarded as such. For it is observed that there are results even for various branches of knowledge and similarly for austerities (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - this (referring to the previously mentioned dharma) (that, he)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (this, this one)

• सफलः (saphalaḥ) - fruitful (fruitful, successful, efficacious)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue)

• अफलः (aphalaḥ) - without fruit (or results) (fruitless, without result)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is truly called (is said, is called, is declared)

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are observed (are seen, are perceived, appear)

• अपि (api) - even, also (also, even, too)

• हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, certainly, for, because)

• विद्यानाम् (vidyānām) - of various branches of knowledge (of knowledge, of sciences, of learnings)

• फलानि (phalāni) - results (fruits, results, consequences)

• तपसाम् (tapasām) - of austerities (tapas) (of austerities, of penances, of intense effort)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, likewise, thus)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - this (referring to the previously mentioned dharma) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

सफलः (saphalaḥ) - fruitful (fruitful, successful, efficacious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saphala

saphala - fruitful, successful, yielding results, efficacious

Bahuvrihi compound: 'with fruit'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+phala)

• sa – with, together with (prefix)
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `dharmaḥ`

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice, intrinsic nature, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice, intrinsic nature, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अफलः (aphalaḥ) - without fruit (or results) (fruitless, without result)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aphala

aphala - fruitless, without result, ineffectual

Negative Tatpurusha compound: 'not fruit'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+phala)

• a – not, un-, without (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `dharmaḥ`

उच्यते (ucyate) - is truly called (is said, is called, is declared)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Passive

3rd person singular present passive of root `vac` (suppletive stem `uc`)

Root: vac (class 2)

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are observed (are seen, are perceived, appear)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive

3rd person plural present passive of root `dṛś`

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - for indeed (indeed, certainly, for, because)

(indeclinable)

विद्यानाम् (vidyānām) - of various branches of knowledge (of knowledge, of sciences, of learnings)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, science, learning, wisdom

Root: vid (class 2)

फलानि (phalāni) - results (fruits, results, consequences)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

तपसाम् (tapasām) - of austerities (tapas) (of austerities, of penances, of intense effort)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, severe meditation, heat, religious devotion

Root: tap (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (similarly, likewise, thus)

(indeclinable)