महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-32, verse-28

फलदं त्विह विज्ञाय धातारं श्रेयसि ध्रुवे ।
धर्मं ते ह्याचरन्कृष्णे तद्धि धर्मसनातनम् ॥२८॥

28. phaladaṁ tviha vijñāya dhātāraṁ śreyasi dhruve ,
dharmaṁ te hyācarankṛṣṇe taddhi dharmasanātanam.

28. phaladam tu iha vijñāya dhātāram śreyasi dhruve
dharmam te hi ācaran kṛṣṇe tat hi dharma-sanātanam

28. O Krishna, having indeed understood the Creator (Dhātṛ) here as the bestower of firm and lasting supreme good, they certainly practiced the natural law (dharma), for that indeed is the eternal natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• फलदम् (phaladam) - bestower of results (fruit-bestowing, giver of results)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• इह (iha) - here (in this context/world) (here, in this world, in this matter)

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

• धातारम् (dhātāram) - the Creator (Dhātṛ) (the creator, sustainer, dispenser)

• श्रेयसि (śreyasi) - in supreme good (in welfare, in good fortune, in the supreme good)

• ध्रुवे (dhruve) - in lasting (supreme good) (in the firm, in the constant, in the lasting)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue)

• ते (te) - they, those

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, because)

• आचरन् (ācaran) - they practiced (they practiced, they performed, they behaved)

• कृष्णे (kṛṣṇe) - O Krishna

• तत् (tat) - that itself (that, that one)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because)

• धर्म-सनातनम् (dharma-sanātanam) - the eternal natural law (dharma) (the eternal dharma, the everlasting natural law)

Words meanings and morphology

फलदम् (phaladam) - bestower of results (fruit-bestowing, giver of results)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of phalada

phalada - bestowing fruit, yielding results, giving advantage

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (phala+da)

• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, granting, bestowing (suffix)
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root `dā` (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `dhātāram`

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here (in this context/world) (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having understood (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root `jñā` with prefix `vi`

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

धातारम् (dhātāram) - the Creator (Dhātṛ) (the creator, sustainer, dispenser)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhātṛ

dhātṛ - creator, establisher, supporter, disposer, one of the Ādityas (gods)

Agent noun from root `dhā` (to place, create, sustain)

Root: dhā (class 3)

श्रेयसि (śreyasi) - in supreme good (in welfare, in good fortune, in the supreme good)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - supreme good, welfare, prosperity, virtue, excellent

Comparative/Superlative of `śrī` (fortune, beauty) or `praśasya` (praise-worthy)

Note: Qualifies the state or condition in which the Creator bestows fruit.

ध्रुवे (dhruve) - in lasting (supreme good) (in the firm, in the constant, in the lasting)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dhruva

dhruva - firm, fixed, constant, lasting, eternal, certain

Root: dhru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `śreyasi`.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, justice, intrinsic nature, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - they, those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the sages, gods, etc. from the previous verse.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, because)

(indeclinable)

आचरन् (ācaran) - they practiced (they practiced, they performed, they behaved)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ācar

Imperfect

3rd person plural imperfect active of root `car` with prefix `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

कृष्णे (kṛṣṇe) - O Krishna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna (name of a deity), dark, black

तत् (tat) - that itself (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the 'practiced dharma'.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, certainly, because)

(indeclinable)

धर्म-सनातनम् (dharma-sanātanam) - the eternal natural law (dharma) (the eternal dharma, the everlasting natural law)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharma-sanātana

dharma-sanātana - eternal natural law, everlasting righteousness

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dharma+sanātana)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• sanātana – eternal, perpetual, everlasting, ancient
  adjective (neuter)