महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-284, verse-9

ब्राह्मणो वेदविद्भूत्वा सूर्यो योगाद्धि रूपवान् ।
हितार्थमब्रवीत्कर्णं सान्त्वपूर्वमिदं वचः ॥९॥

9. brāhmaṇo vedavidbhūtvā sūryo yogāddhi rūpavān ,
hitārthamabravītkarṇaṁ sāntvapūrvamidaṁ vacaḥ.

9. brāhmaṇaḥ vedavit bhūtvā sūryaḥ yogāt hi rūpavān
hitārtham abravīt karṇam sāntvapūrvam idam vacaḥ

9. The Sun god (Sūrya), having indeed assumed the form of a Brahmin and a knower of the Vedas through his mystic power (yoga), spoke these words of comfort to Karṇa for his benefit.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Sūrya in the disguise of a Brahmin. (a Brahmin)

• वेदवित् (vedavit) - Sūrya in the disguise of a Brahmin, who is knowledgeable in the Vedas. (knower of the Vedas)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the Sun god

• योगात् (yogāt) - Through Sūrya's inherent mystic power to change forms. (by (his mystic) power, through spiritual discipline (yoga))

• हि (hi) - Emphatic. (indeed, for, surely)

• रूपवान् (rūpavān) - The Sun god assumed a form (of a Brahmin). (endowed with form, beautiful)

• हितार्थम् (hitārtham) - For Karṇa's benefit. (for the benefit, for the welfare)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Sūrya spoke to Karṇa. (spoke, said)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - to Karṇa

• सान्त्वपूर्वम् (sāntvapūrvam) - Adverbially, describing how the words were spoken. (preceded by soothing words, with gentle words)

• इदम् (idam) - Referring to the following speech. (this)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - The words that Sūrya spoke. (word, speech, utterance)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - Sūrya in the disguise of a Brahmin. (a Brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, related to Brahman (brahman), sacred

From `brahman`.

वेदवित् (vedavit) - Sūrya in the disguise of a Brahmin, who is knowledgeable in the Vedas. (knower of the Vedas)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vedavid

vedavid - knowing the Vedas, a knower of sacred knowledge

Compound of `veda` (Veda) + `vid` (knower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+vid)

• veda – sacred knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• vid – knower, knowing, wise
  adjective
  From root `vid` (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, being

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: bhū (class 1)

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the Sun god

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, the Sun god

Root: sū

योगात् (yogāt) - Through Sūrya's inherent mystic power to change forms. (by (his mystic) power, through spiritual discipline (yoga))

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of yoga

yoga - union, spiritual discipline, mystic power, application

From root `yuj` (to join, connect).

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Ablative case indicates cause or means ("by means of yoga").

हि (hi) - Emphatic. (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

रूपवान् (rūpavān) - The Sun god assumed a form (of a Brahmin). (endowed with form, beautiful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rūpavat

rūpavat - having form, beautiful, endowed with qualities

Formed from `rūpa` (form) + possessive suffix `vat`.

हितार्थम् (hitārtham) - For Karṇa's benefit. (for the benefit, for the welfare)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hitārtha

hitārtha - purpose of welfare, for the good

Tatpurusha compound of `hita` (welfare, benefit) + `artha` (purpose).

Compound type : tatpurusha (hita+artha)

• hita – beneficial, welfare, good
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `dhā` with prefix `hi` (variant of `dhā` for welfare context).
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Sūrya spoke to Karṇa. (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bravīt

Imperfect

Root `brū` (or `vac`) with augment `a`.

Root: brū (class 2)

कर्णम् (karṇam) - to Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear, a proper name (Karṇa)

सान्त्वपूर्वम् (sāntvapūrvam) - Adverbially, describing how the words were spoken. (preceded by soothing words, with gentle words)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sāntvapūrva

sāntvapūrva - preceded by words of comfort, containing gentle words

Bahuvrihi compound: "that which has solace (sāntva) as its prior (pūrva) part."

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sāntva+pūrva)

• sāntva – solace, gentle words, conciliation
  noun (neuter)
• pūrva – former, prior, initial, East
  adjective

Note: Adverbial usage, agreeing with `vacaḥ`.

इदम् (idam) - Referring to the following speech. (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

वचः (vacaḥ) - The words that Sūrya spoke. (word, speech, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance, saying

From root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)