महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-284, verse-18

यदि दास्यसि कर्ण त्वं सहजे कुण्डले शुभे ।
आयुषः प्रक्षयं गत्वा मृत्योर्वशमुपेष्यसि ॥१८॥

18. yadi dāsyasi karṇa tvaṁ sahaje kuṇḍale śubhe ,
āyuṣaḥ prakṣayaṁ gatvā mṛtyorvaśamupeṣyasi.

18. yadi dāsyasi karṇa tvam sahaje kuṇḍale śubhe
āyuṣaḥ prakṣayam gatvā mṛtyoḥ vaśam upeṣyasi

18. O Karṇa, if you give away your auspicious, inborn earrings, you will hasten the decline of your life and fall under the sway of death.

18. קַרְנַה, אם תיתן את העגילים הטובים שנולדו איתך, תגיע לקץ חייך ותיפול בידי המוות.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, when

• दास्यसि (dāsyasi) - you will give

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• सहजे (sahaje) - your inborn (earrings) (inborn, natural, congenital)

• कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - two earrings

• शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious, beautiful, radiant

• आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life, lifespan

• प्रक्षयम् (prakṣayam) - the end (of life) (destruction, decay, end)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having reached

• मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

• वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, sway

• उपेष्यसि (upeṣyasi) - you will approach, reach, undergo

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, when

(indeclinable)

दास्यसि (dāsyasi) - you will give

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of dā

future tense, active voice

Root `dā` (3rd class, juhotyādi) forms future with `sya` suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; name of a famous warrior in the Mahābhārata

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

सहजे (sahaje) - your inborn (earrings) (inborn, natural, congenital)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, dual of sahaja

sahaja - inborn, natural, congenital; born with

Compound formed from `saha` (with, together) and `ja` (born from), derived from the root `jan` (to be born).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+ja)

• saha – with, together with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from, originating in
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix derivative
  From root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - two earrings

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - earring, ring, coil

शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious, beautiful, radiant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, dual of śubha

śubha - auspicious, beautiful, radiant, good

आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life, lifespan

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, lifespan

प्रक्षयम् (prakṣayam) - the end (of life) (destruction, decay, end)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prakṣaya

prakṣaya - destruction, decay, end, exhaustion

From prefix `pra` + root `kṣi` (to waste away) + suffix `a`.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṣi (class 1)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having reached

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `gam` with `ktvā` suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, demise, the god of death (Yama)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, sway

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, sway

उपेष्यसि (upeṣyasi) - you will approach, reach, undergo

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of upa-i

future tense, active voice

Root `i` (2nd class, adādi) with prefix `upa`. Future forms `eṣyasi`.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

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