महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-284, verse-18

यदि दास्यसि कर्ण त्वं सहजे कुण्डले शुभे ।
आयुषः प्रक्षयं गत्वा मृत्योर्वशमुपेष्यसि ॥१८॥

18. yadi dāsyasi karṇa tvaṁ sahaje kuṇḍale śubhe ,
āyuṣaḥ prakṣayaṁ gatvā mṛtyorvaśamupeṣyasi.

18. yadi dāsyasi karṇa tvam sahaje kuṇḍale śubhe
āyuṣaḥ prakṣayam gatvā mṛtyoḥ vaśam upeṣyasi

18. O Karṇa, if you give away your auspicious, inborn earrings, you will hasten the decline of your life and fall under the sway of death.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, when

• दास्यसि (dāsyasi) - you will give

• कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• सहजे (sahaje) - your inborn (earrings) (inborn, natural, congenital)

• कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - two earrings

• शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious, beautiful, radiant

• आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life, lifespan

• प्रक्षयम् (prakṣayam) - the end (of life) (destruction, decay, end)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having reached

• मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

• वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, sway

• उपेष्यसि (upeṣyasi) - you will approach, reach, undergo

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, when

(indeclinable)

दास्यसि (dāsyasi) - you will give

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of dā

future tense, active voice

Root `dā` (3rd class, juhotyādi) forms future with `sya` suffix.

Root: dā (class 3)

कर्ण (karṇa) - O Karṇa

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; name of a famous warrior in the Mahābhārata

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (2nd person pronoun)

सहजे (sahaje) - your inborn (earrings) (inborn, natural, congenital)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, dual of sahaja

sahaja - inborn, natural, congenital; born with

Compound formed from `saha` (with, together) and `ja` (born from), derived from the root `jan` (to be born).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+ja)

• saha – with, together with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from, originating in
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix derivative
  From root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

कुण्डले (kuṇḍale) - two earrings

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of kuṇḍala

kuṇḍala - earring, ring, coil

शुभे (śubhe) - auspicious, beautiful, radiant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, dual of śubha

śubha - auspicious, beautiful, radiant, good

आयुषः (āyuṣaḥ) - of life, lifespan

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of āyus

āyus - life, vital power, lifespan

प्रक्षयम् (prakṣayam) - the end (of life) (destruction, decay, end)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prakṣaya

prakṣaya - destruction, decay, end, exhaustion

From prefix `pra` + root `kṣi` (to waste away) + suffix `a`.

Prefix: pra

Root: kṣi (class 1)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having reached

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `gam` with `ktvā` suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, demise, the god of death (Yama)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, sway

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, power, control, sway

उपेष्यसि (upeṣyasi) - you will approach, reach, undergo

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of upa-i

future tense, active voice

Root `i` (2nd class, adādi) with prefix `upa`. Future forms `eṣyasi`.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)