महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-284, verse-21

कर्ण उवाच ।
को मामेवं भवान्प्राह दर्शयन्सौहृदं परम् ।
कामया भगवन्ब्रूहि को भवान्द्विजवेषधृक् ॥२१॥

21. karṇa uvāca ,
ko māmevaṁ bhavānprāha darśayansauhṛdaṁ param ,
kāmayā bhagavanbrūhi ko bhavāndvijaveṣadhṛk.

21. karṇa uvāca kaḥ mām evam bhavān prāha darśayan sauhṛdam
param kāmayā bhagavan brūhi kaḥ bhavān dvijaveṣadhṛk

21. Karṇa said: 'Who are you, sir, who thus speak to me, showing such great friendship? O reverend one, please tell me, who are you, disguised in the garb of a brahmin (dvija)?'

Words meanings summery:

• कर्ण (karṇa) - Karṇa

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• माम् (mām) - me

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• भवान् (bhavān) - your honor, you (polite)

• प्राह (prāha) - spoke, said

• दर्शयन् (darśayan) - showing, manifesting

• सौहृदम् (sauhṛdam) - friendship, kindness

• परम् (param) - great (friendship) (supreme, ultimate, great)

• कामया (kāmayā) - please (tell me), with kind intention (by desire, out of kindness, please)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O reverend one, O Lord

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• भवान् (bhavān) - your honor, you (polite)

• द्विजवेषधृक् (dvijaveṣadhṛk) - wearer of a brahmin's guise

Words meanings and morphology

कर्ण (karṇa) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; name of a famous warrior in the Mahābhārata

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, active voice

Root `vac` (2nd class, adādi) forms perfect `uvāca`.

Root: vac (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what (interrogative pronoun)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

भवान् (bhavān) - your honor, you (polite)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, sir, you (polite second person equivalent)

present active participle (substantivized)

From root `bhū` (to be, become), present participle `bhavat` used as an honorific pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्राह (prāha) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pra-ah

perfect tense, active voice

Root `ah` (2nd class, adādi) with prefix `pra`. Forms perfect `prāha`.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

दर्शयन् (darśayan) - showing, manifesting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darśayat

darśayat - showing, manifesting, displaying

Present Active Participle

Causative of root `dṛś` (to see) forms `darśayati`, participle `darśayat`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सौहृदम् (sauhṛdam) - friendship, kindness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sauhṛda

sauhṛda - friendship, kindness, cordiality

Derived from `suhṛd` (friend) with `aṇ` suffix.

परम् (param) - great (friendship) (supreme, ultimate, great)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, ultimate, highest, greatest, excellent; other, subsequent

कामया (kāmayā) - please (tell me), with kind intention (by desire, out of kindness, please)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kāmā

kāmā - desire, wish, pleasure; a wish/desire (as in dative of purpose)

Can also function adverbially in instrumental case.

Root: kam (class 1)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O reverend one, O Lord

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - revered, adorable, divine; a lord, god, fortunate one

Possessive suffix `matup` from `bhaga` (fortune, majesty).

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative, active voice

Root `brū` (2nd class, adādi) forms imperative `brūhi`.

Root: brū (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what (interrogative pronoun)

भवान् (bhavān) - your honor, you (polite)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - your honor, sir, you (polite second person equivalent)

present active participle (substantivized)

From root `bhū` (to be, become), present participle `bhavat` used as an honorific pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्विजवेषधृक् (dvijaveṣadhṛk) - wearer of a brahmin's guise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijaveṣadhṛj

dvijaveṣadhṛj - one who wears the guise of a twice-born (brahmin)

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'one whose guise is that of a twice-born'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvija+veṣa+dhṛj)

• dvija – a brahmin, a bird, a snake, a tooth (lit. twice-born)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound from `dvi` (twice) and root `jan` (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• veṣa – garb, dress, guise, disguise
  noun (masculine)
  From root `viṣ` (to enter, to put on).
  Root: viṣ (class 6)
• dhṛj – bearer, wearer, holder
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Agent noun from root `dhṛ` (to bear, hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)