महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-284, verse-37

भीतानामभयं दत्त्वा संग्रामे जीवितार्थिनाम् ।
वृद्धान्बालान्द्विजातींश्च मोक्षयित्वा महाभयात् ॥३७॥

37. bhītānāmabhayaṁ dattvā saṁgrāme jīvitārthinām ,
vṛddhānbālāndvijātīṁśca mokṣayitvā mahābhayāt.

37. bhītānām abhayam dattvā saṅgrāme jīvitārthinām
vṛddhān bālān dvijātīn ca mokṣayitvā mahābhayāt

37. ...by granting safety to those fearful ones desiring life in battle; and by liberating the aged, children, and the twice-born (dvijāti) from great danger.

Words meanings summery:

• भीतानाम् (bhītānām) - of the frightened ones, of those who are afraid

• अभयम् (abhayam) - safety, fearlessness

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, having bestowed

• सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in war

• जीवितार्थिनाम् (jīvitārthinām) - of those desiring life

• वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - old people

• बालान् (bālān) - children, young ones

• द्विजातीन् (dvijātīn) - Brahmins, twice-born ones (dvijāti)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मोक्षयित्वा (mokṣayitvā) - having liberated, having released

• महाभयात् (mahābhayāt) - from great fear/danger

Words meanings and morphology

भीतानाम् (bhītānām) - of the frightened ones, of those who are afraid

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, afraid, terrified

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √bhī (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitārthinām'.

अभयम् (abhayam) - safety, fearlessness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhaya

abhaya - fearlessness, safety, security

Compound: a- (not) + bhaya (fear)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+bhaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• bhaya – fear, terror
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of 'dattvā'.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given, having bestowed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from √dā (to give) with suffix -ktvā

Root: dā (class 3)

सङ्ग्रामे (saṅgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, conflict

Note: Modifies the action of giving protection.

जीवितार्थिनाम् (jīvitārthinām) - of those desiring life

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jīvitārthin

jīvitārthin - one desiring life, wishing to live

Compound: jīvita (life) + arthin (desiring)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+arthin)

• jīvita – life, livelihood
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (substantivized)
  Derived from √jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• arthin – desiring, seeking, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from artha (purpose, object) with suffix -in

वृद्धान् (vṛddhān) - old people

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, wise

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vṛdh (to grow)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'mokṣayitvā'.

बालान् (bālān) - children, young ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bāla

bāla - child, young, inexperienced

Note: Object of 'mokṣayitvā'.

द्विजातीन् (dvijātīn) - Brahmins, twice-born ones (dvijāti)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born, a Brahmin, a member of the three upper varṇas, a bird, a tooth

Compound: dvi (two) + jāti (birth, origin)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+jāti)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jāti – birth, origin, class
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'mokṣayitvā'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the list of people.

मोक्षयित्वा (mokṣayitvā) - having liberated, having released

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) from Causative

Derived from causative of √muc (to release, liberate) with suffix -ktvā

Root: muc (class 6)

महाभयात् (mahābhayāt) - from great fear/danger

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of mahābhaya

mahābhaya - great fear, great danger

Compound: mahā (great) + bhaya (fear)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+bhaya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bhaya – fear, terror, danger
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)